Journal Article

Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction and Neurodegenerative Disorders

Yu, Xing, Shao, Anwen, Ji, Caihong

2020

Overview

The neurovascular unit (NVU), composed of vascular cells, glial cells, and neurons, is the minimal functional unit of the brain. The NVU maintains integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and regulates supply of the cerebral blood flow (CBF), both of which are keys to maintaining normal brain function. BBB dysfunction and a decreased CBF are early pathophysiological changes in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this review, we primarily focus on the NVU in AD as much research has been performed on the connection between NVU dysfunction and AD. We also discuss the role of NVU dysfunction in the pathophysiological mechanisms of PD and ALS. As most neurodegenerative diseases are difficult to treat, we discuss several potential drug targets that focus on the NVU that may inform novel vascular-targeted therapies for AD, PD, and ALS.

• Publisher: Frontiers Media SA,Frontiers Media S.A
• Subject: Alzheimer's disease / Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis / Blood flow / Blood-brain barrier / Brain research / Cerebral blood flow / Circulatory system / Disease / Glial cells / Glycoproteins / Immunoglobulins / Movement disorders / neurodegenerative disease / Neurodegenerative diseases / Neuronal-glial interactions / Neuroscience / neurovascular unit / Parkinson's disease / Pathogenesis / Permeability / Proteins / Smooth muscle / target / Therapeutic targets