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Stuck in the mud: time for change in the implementation of cognitive training research in ageing?
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Stuck in the mud: time for change in the implementation of cognitive training research in ageing?
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Journal Article
Stuck in the mud: time for change in the implementation of cognitive training research in ageing?
2014
Overview
The focus of such interventions is to improve functioning of particular cognitive skills such as memory, working memory, attention, and executive functions, as decline in these or other cognitive domains may lead to functional impairment in day-to-day activities as well as contribute to reduced quality of life and disability (Salthouse, 2004). In this way, it would appear that we are moving further from discovering what is most effective by diluting the literature with often incomparable studies. [...]we are blocking our progression toward consistently solid evidence for CT efficacy and uncovering what is hoped are tangible and very real benefits for the ageing population. Factors including cognitive reserve and ability (e.g., education, IQ, employment), relevant personality traits (e.g., locus of control, self-efficacy), pre-training cognitive performance, diet, smoking and alcohol intake, or sub-threshold depressive and anxious symptoms are likely to play an important role in how different participants respond to training. Early exploration of this area appears to support the notion that such factors should be included as possible mediating variables, as they may impact on individual levels of training efficacy. [...]recent work has suggested that such individual differences may be helpful in predicting which patients may benefit most from CT, thus enabling a more targeted approach (Jaeggi et al., 2013; Rebok et al., 2013; Willis and Caskie, 2013).
