Journal Article

Changes in Bacterial Community Structure of Agricultural Land Due to Long-Term Organic and Chemical Amendments

Rehman, Ateequr, Mishra, Aradhana, Chaudhry, Vasvi, Chauhan, Puneet Singh, Nautiyal, Chandra Shekhar

2012

Overview

Community level physiological profiling and pyrosequencing-based analysis of the V1-V2 16S rRNA gene region were used to characterize and compare microbial community structure, diversity, and bacterial phylogeny from soils of chemically cultivated land (CCL), organically cultivated land (OCL), and fallow grass land (FGL) for 16 years and were under three different land use types. The entire dataset comprised of 16,608 good-quality sequences (CCL, 6,379; OCL, 4,835; FGL, 5,394); among them 12,606 sequences could be classified in 15 known phylum. The most abundant phylum were Proteobacteria (29.8%), Acidobacteria (22.6%), Actinobacteria (11.1%), and Bacteroidetes (4.7%), while 24.3% of the sequences were from bacterial domain but could not be further classified to any known phylum. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Gemmatimonadetes were found to be significantly abundant in OCL soil. On the contrary, Actinobacteria ana Acidobacteria were significantly abundant in CCL and FGL, respectively. Our findings supported the view that organic compost amendment (OCL) activates diverse group of microorganisms as compared with conventionally used synthetic chemical fertilizers. Functional diversity and evenness based on carbon source utilization pattern was significantly higher in OCL as compared to CCL and FGL, suggesting an improvement in soil quality. This abundance of microbes possibly leads to the enhanced level of soil organic carbon, soil organic nitrogen, and microbial biomass in OCL and FGL soils as collated with CCL. This work increases our current understanding on the effect of long-term organic and chemical amendment applications on abundance, diversity, and composition of bacterial community inhabiting the soil for the prospects of agricultural yield and quantity of soil.

• Publisher: Springer Science + Business Media,Springer-Verlag,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Abundance / Acid soils / Acidobacteria / Actinobacteria / Agricultural land / Agricultural soils / agricultural structures and facilities / Agriculture / Agriculture - methods / Agrochemicals / Agrology / analysis / Bacteria / Bacteria - classification / Bacteria - genetics / Bacteria - growth & development / bacterial communities / Bacteroidetes / Biological and medical sciences / Biomedical and Life Sciences / Carbon sources / Chemical fertilizers / classification / Community structure / composts / Cultivated lands / Ecology / Ecosystem / Environmental Monitoring / Fertilizers / functional diversity / Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology / genes / Genes, rRNA / genetics / Geoecology/Natural Processes / grasses / Grassland soils / growth & development / Land use / Life Sciences / long term effects / Manure / methods / microbial biomass / Microbial Ecology / Microbiology / Microorganisms / Nature Conservation / nitrogen / Organic carbon / organic compounds / Organic nitrogen / Organic soils / Phylogeny / Poaceae / Poaceae - growth & development / Proteobacteria / ribosomal RNA / RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics / rRNA 16S / Sequence Analysis, DNA / Soil / Soil - analysis / Soil bacteria / Soil biochemistry / Soil chemistry / soil ecology / Soil improvement / SOIL MICROBIOLOGY / Soil microorganisms / soil organic carbon / Soil quality / Soil samples / Soils / Water Quality/Water Pollution