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Molecular genetic diversity and bioinformatic analysis of Leucocytozoon sabrazesi based on the mitochondrial genes cytb , coxI and coxIII and co-infection of Plasmodium spp
Molecular genetic diversity and bioinformatic analysis of Leucocytozoon sabrazesi based on the mitochondrial genes cytb , coxI and coxIII and co-infection of Plasmodium spp
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Molecular genetic diversity and bioinformatic analysis of Leucocytozoon sabrazesi based on the mitochondrial genes cytb , coxI and coxIII and co-infection of Plasmodium spp
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Molecular genetic diversity and bioinformatic analysis of Leucocytozoon sabrazesi based on the mitochondrial genes cytb , coxI and coxIII and co-infection of Plasmodium spp
Molecular genetic diversity and bioinformatic analysis of Leucocytozoon sabrazesi based on the mitochondrial genes cytb , coxI and coxIII and co-infection of Plasmodium spp

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Molecular genetic diversity and bioinformatic analysis of Leucocytozoon sabrazesi based on the mitochondrial genes cytb , coxI and coxIII and co-infection of Plasmodium spp
Molecular genetic diversity and bioinformatic analysis of Leucocytozoon sabrazesi based on the mitochondrial genes cytb , coxI and coxIII and co-infection of Plasmodium spp
Journal Article

Molecular genetic diversity and bioinformatic analysis of Leucocytozoon sabrazesi based on the mitochondrial genes cytb , coxI and coxIII and co-infection of Plasmodium spp

2022
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Overview
Leucocytozoon sabrazesi is an intracellular haemoprotozoan parasite responsible for leucocytozoonosis, which is transmitted by insect vectors and affects chickens in tropical and subtropical areas in many countries. It causes huge economic losses due to decreased meat and egg production. In the present study, we used nested PCR to determine the genetic diversity of L. sabrazesi based on the cytb, coxI, coxIII and concatenated genes in chickens in Thailand. In addition, we found co-infections between L. sabrazesi and Plasmodium spp. ( P. gallinaceum or P. juxtanucleare ) in chickens that were not identified by microscopic examination of blood smears. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that L. sabrazesi cytb and coxIII genes were conserved with similarity ranging from 99.9 to 100% and 98 to 100%, respectively whereas the coxI gene was diverse, with similarities ranging from 97 to 100%. These findings ascertained the nucleotide analysis of the cytb, coxI, coxIII and concatenated sequences in which 4, 8, 10 and 9 haplotypes were found, respectively. In addition, it was found that the large number of synonymous substitutions and conservative amino acid replacements in these mitochondrial genes occurred by non-synonymous substitution. The evolutionary analysis of the K a / K s ratio supported purifying selection and the negative values of both Fu’s F s and Tajima’s D indicate selective sweep especially for the coxI gene. The entropy and Simplot analysis showed that the genetic variation in populations of Plasmodium spp. was higher than in Leucocytozoon. Hence, the nucleotide sequences of three mitochondrial genes could reflect the evolutionary analysis and geographic distribution of this protozoan population that switches hosts during its life cycle. Leucocytozoon sabrazesi est le parasite hémoprotozoaire intracellulaire responsable de la leucocytozoonose, qui est transmise par des insectes vecteurs et affecte les poulets dans les zones tropicales et subtropicales de nombreux pays. Il provoque d’énormes pertes économiques en raison de la diminution de la production de viande et d’œufs. Dans la présente étude, nous avons utilisé la PCR nichée pour déterminer la diversité génétique de L. sabrazesi sur la base des gènes cytb, coxI, coxIII et concaténés chez des poulets en Thaïlande. De plus, nous avons trouvé des co-infections entre L. sabrazesi et Plasmodium spp. ( P. gallinaceum ou P. juxtanucleare ) chez des poulets, qui n’ont pas été identifiées par l’examen microscopique de frottis sanguins. L’analyse phylogénétique a indiqué que les gènes cytb et coxIII de L. sabrazesi étaient conservés avec une similarité allant respectivement de 99,9 à 100 % et de 98 à 100 %, alors que le gène coxI était diversifié, avec des similarités allant de 97 à 100 %. Ces découvertes ont confirmé l’analyse des nucléotides des séquences cytb, coxI, coxIII et concaténées dans lesquelles 4, 8, 10 et 9 haplotypes ont été trouvés, respectivement. De plus, il a été constaté que le grand nombre de substitutions synonymes et de remplacements conservateurs d’acides aminés dans ces gènes mitochondriaux se produisaient par substitution non synonyme. L’analyse évolutive du rapport K a / K s a soutenu la sélection purificatrice et les valeurs négatives des Fs de Fu et D de Tajima indiquent un balayage sélectif, en particulier pour le gène coxI. L’entropie et l’analyse Simplot ont montré que la variation génétique de la population de Plasmodium spp. était plus élevée que pour Leucocytozoon . Par conséquent, les séquences nucléotidiques de trois gènes mitochondriaux pourraient refléter l’analyse évolutive et la répartition géographique de cette population de protozoaires qui changent d’hôte au cours de leur cycle de vie.