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Changes in US Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions From 2011–2016
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Changes in US Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions From 2011–2016
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Journal Article
Changes in US Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions From 2011–2016
2020
Overview
Abstract
Background
While antibiotics are life-saving drugs, their use is not without risk, including adverse events and antibiotic resistance. The majority of US antibiotic prescriptions are prescribed in outpatient settings, making outpatient antibiotic prescribing an important antibiotic stewardship target. The primary objective of this study was to describe trends in US outpatient oral antibiotic prescriptions from 2011–2016.
Methods
We estimated annual oral antibiotic prescription rates using national prescription dispensing count data from IQVIA Xponent, divided by census estimates for 2011–2016. We calculated the ratio of broad- to narrow-spectrum prescriptions by dividing broad-spectrum prescription rates by narrow-spectrum prescription rates. We used Poisson models to estimate prevalence rate ratios, comparing 2011 and 2016 antibiotic prescription rates, and linear models to evaluate temporal trends throughout the study period.
Results
Oral antibiotic prescription rates decreased 5%, from 877 prescriptions per 1000 persons in 2011 to 836 per 1000 persons in 2016. During this period, rates of prescriptions dispensed to children decreased 13%, while adult rates increased 2%. The ratio of broad- to narrow-spectrum antibiotics decreased from 1.62 in 2011 to 1.49 in 2016, driven by decreases in macrolides and fluoroquinolones. The proportion of prescriptions written by nurse practitioners and physician assistants increased during the study period; in 2016, these providers prescribed over one-quarter of all antibiotic prescriptions.
Conclusions
Outpatient antibiotic prescription rates, especially of broad-spectrum agents, have decreased in recent years. Clinicians who prescribe to adults, including nurse practitioners and physician assistants, are important targets for antibiotic stewardship.
Population-based outpatient oral antibiotic prescription rates decreased significantly from 2011 to 2016. Antibiotic prescription rate decreases were greatest among broad-spectrum antibiotics, driven by macrolides and fluoroquinolones. The proportion of antibiotics prescribed by advanced practice providers increased during this period.
Publisher
Oxford University Press
