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Spatiotemporal patterns of cortical microstructural maturation in children and adolescents with diffusion MRI
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Spatiotemporal patterns of cortical microstructural maturation in children and adolescents with diffusion MRI
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Journal Article
Spatiotemporal patterns of cortical microstructural maturation in children and adolescents with diffusion MRI
2024
Overview
Neocortical maturation is a dynamic process that proceeds in a hierarchical manner; however, the spatiotemporal organization of cortical microstructure with diffusion MRI has yet to be fully defined. This study characterized cortical microstructural maturation using diffusion MRI (fwe‐diffusion tensor imaging [DTI] and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging [NODDI] multicompartment modeling) in a cohort of 637 children and adolescents between 8 and 21 years of age. We found spatially heterogeneous developmental patterns broadly demarcated into functional domains where NODDI metrics increased, and fwe‐DTI metrics decreased with age. By applying nonlinear growth models in a vertex‐wise analysis, we observed a general posterior‐to‐anterior pattern of maturation, where the fwe‐DTI measures mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity reached peak maturation earlier than the NODDI metrics neurite density index. Using non‐negative matrix factorization, we found occipito‐parietal cortical regions that correspond to lower order sensory domains mature earlier than fronto‐temporal higher order association domains. Our findings corroborate previous histological and neuroimaging studies that show spatially varying patterns of cortical maturation that may reflect unique developmental processes of cytoarchitectonically determined regional patterns of change. We quantified regional patterns of cortical maturation across childhood and adolescence using multiple advanced diffusion MRI models that probe different aspects of the microstructural organization of the developing cortex. We found heterogeneous patterns of cortical maturation that proceed in a hierarchical manner, which we interpret as varying degrees of myelination, dendritic arborization, and axonal pruning.
