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Effects of high CO2 levels on dynamic photosynthesis: carbon gain, mechanisms, and environmental interactions
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Effects of high CO2 levels on dynamic photosynthesis: carbon gain, mechanisms, and environmental interactions
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Journal Article
Effects of high CO2 levels on dynamic photosynthesis: carbon gain, mechanisms, and environmental interactions
2016
Overview
Understanding the photosynthetic responses of terrestrial plants to environments with high levels of CO
2
is essential to address the ecological effects of elevated atmospheric CO
2
. Most photosynthetic models used for global carbon issues are based on steady-state photosynthesis, whereby photosynthesis is measured under constant environmental conditions; however, terrestrial plant photosynthesis under natural conditions is highly dynamic, and photosynthetic rates change in response to rapid changes in environmental factors. To predict future contributions of photosynthesis to the global carbon cycle, it is necessary to understand the dynamic nature of photosynthesis in relation to high CO
2
levels. In this review, we summarize the current body of knowledge on the photosynthetic response to changes in light intensity under experimentally elevated CO
2
conditions. We found that short-term exposure to high CO
2
enhances photosynthetic rate, reduces photosynthetic induction time, and reduces post-illumination CO
2
burst, resulting in increased leaf carbon gain during dynamic photosynthesis. However, long-term exposure to high CO
2
during plant growth has varying effects on dynamic photosynthesis. High levels of CO
2
increase the carbon gain in photosynthetic induction in some species, but have no significant effects in other species. Some studies have shown that high CO
2
levels reduce the biochemical limitation on RuBP regeneration and Rubisco activation during photosynthetic induction, whereas the effects of high levels of CO
2
on stomatal conductance differ among species. Few studies have examined the influence of environmental factors on effects of high levels of CO
2
on dynamic photosynthesis. We identified several knowledge gaps that should be addressed to aid future predictions of photosynthesis in high-CO
2
environments.
Publisher
Springer Japan,Springer Nature B.V
