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Anaerobic bacterial degradation of protein and lipid macromolecules in subarctic marine sediment
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Anaerobic bacterial degradation of protein and lipid macromolecules in subarctic marine sediment
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Journal Article
Anaerobic bacterial degradation of protein and lipid macromolecules in subarctic marine sediment
2021
Overview
Microorganisms in marine sediments play major roles in marine biogeochemical cycles by mineralizing substantial quantities of organic matter from decaying cells. Proteins and lipids are abundant components of necromass, yet the taxonomic identities of microorganisms that actively degrade them remain poorly resolved. Here, we revealed identities, trophic interactions, and genomic features of bacteria that degraded
13
C-labeled proteins and lipids in cold anoxic microcosms containing sulfidic subarctic marine sediment. Supplemented proteins and lipids were rapidly fermented to various volatile fatty acids within 5 days. DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) suggested
Psychrilyobacter atlanticus
was an important primary degrader of proteins, and
Psychromonas
members were important primary degraders of both proteins and lipids. Closely related
Psychromonas
populations, as represented by distinct 16S rRNA gene variants, differentially utilized either proteins or lipids. DNA-SIP also showed
13
C-labeling of various
Deltaproteobacteria
within 10 days, indicating trophic transfer of carbon to putative sulfate-reducers. Metagenome-assembled genomes revealed the primary hydrolyzers encoded secreted peptidases or lipases, and enzymes for catabolism of protein or lipid degradation products.
Psychromonas
species are prevalent in diverse marine sediments, suggesting they are important players in organic carbon processing in situ. Together, this study provides new insights into the identities, functions, and genomes of bacteria that actively degrade abundant necromass macromolecules in the seafloor.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Oxford University Press
Subject
