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Whole-genome, transcriptome, and methylome analyses provide insights into the evolution of platycoside biosynthesis in Platycodon grandiflorus, a medicinal plant
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Whole-genome, transcriptome, and methylome analyses provide insights into the evolution of platycoside biosynthesis in Platycodon grandiflorus, a medicinal plant
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Journal Article
Whole-genome, transcriptome, and methylome analyses provide insights into the evolution of platycoside biosynthesis in Platycodon grandiflorus, a medicinal plant
2020
Overview
Triterpenoid saponins (TSs) are common plant defense phytochemicals with potential pharmaceutical properties.
Platycodon grandiflorus
(Campanulaceae) has been traditionally used to treat bronchitis and asthma in East Asia. The oleanane-type TSs, platycosides, are a major component of the
P. grandiflorus
root extract. Recent studies show that platycosides exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, anticancer, antiviral, and antiallergy properties. However, the evolutionary history of platycoside biosynthesis genes remains unknown. In this study, we sequenced the genome of
P. grandiflorus
and investigated the genes involved in platycoside biosynthesis. The draft genome of
P. grandiflorus
is 680.1 Mb long and contains 40,017 protein-coding genes. Genomic analysis revealed that the
CYP716
family genes play a major role in platycoside oxidation. The
CYP716
gene family of
P. grandiflorus
was much larger than that of other Asterid species. Orthologous gene annotation also revealed the expansion of
β-amyrin synthases
(
bASs
) in
P. grandiflorus
, which was confirmed by tissue-specific gene expression. In these expanded gene families, we identified key genes showing preferential expression in roots and association with platycoside biosynthesis. In addition, whole-genome bisulfite sequencing showed that
CYP716
and
bAS
genes are hypomethylated in
P. grandiflorus
, suggesting that epigenetic modification of these two gene families affects platycoside biosynthesis. Thus whole-genome, transcriptome, and methylome data of
P. grandiflorus
provide novel insights into the regulation of platycoside biosynthesis by
CYP716
and
bAS
gene families.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Oxford University Press
Subject
