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Fate of dietary phytosteryl/-stanyl esters: analysis of individual intact esters in human feces
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Fate of dietary phytosteryl/-stanyl esters: analysis of individual intact esters in human feces
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Journal Article
Fate of dietary phytosteryl/-stanyl esters: analysis of individual intact esters in human feces
2013
Overview
Purpose
The objective was to investigate the metabolic fate of phytosteryl/-stanyl fatty acid and ferulic acid esters upon consumption by healthy humans.
Methods
A capillary gas chromatographic methodology was employed to follow a randomized, single-blind three group crossover clinical trial and to quantify simultaneously individual intact esters, liberated phytosterols/-stanols and their metabolites in feces. Skimmed milk drinking yogurts enriched with complex mixtures of phytosteryl/-stanyl fatty acid esters and ferulates, respectively, were employed as food carriers.
Results
On average, 73 % of total plant stanyl fatty acid esters and 80 % of total plant steryl fatty acid esters were hydrolyzed. Among the individuals, the hydrolysis rates ranged from 40 to 96 %. In addition, there were subject-dependent discrepancies between the amounts of phytosterols/-stanols actually determined in the feces and the calculated hydrolysis rates. On average, 69 % of the amounts of sterols/stanols expected from the amounts of remaining intact esters were found.
Conclusions
The study revealed large interindividual variability regarding the recoveries of dietary phytosteryl/-stanyl esters upon gastrointestinal passage in healthy humans. Nevertheless, there was a significant impact of the acid moiety (oleate = linoleate = linolenate > eicosanoate > palmitate > ferulate) on the hydrolysis rates; the influence of the phytosterol/-stanol moiety was less pronounced.
Publisher
Springer-Verlag,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
/ Adult
/ analysis
/ Anticholesteremic Agents - administration & dosage
/ Anticholesteremic Agents - analysis
/ Anticholesteremic Agents - chemistry
/ Anticholesteremic Agents - metabolism
/ capillary gas chromatography
/ Chemistry and Materials Science
/ Cholesterol - administration & dosage
/ Cholesterol - analogs & derivatives
/ Coumaric Acids - administration & dosage
/ Diet
/ Fatty Acids - administration & dosage
/ feces
/ Humans
/ Male
/ Phytosterols - administration & dosage
/ Sitosterols - administration & dosage
/ Yogurt
