Journal Article

Additively manufactured Ti–Ta–Cu alloys for the next-generation load-bearing implants

Mitra, Indranath, Bandyopadhyay, Amit, Dernell, William, Goodman, Stuart B, Bose, Susmita, Avila, Jose D, Ciliveri, Sushant

2024

Overview

Ti3Al2V demonstrated comparable mechanical performance to Ti6Al4V. Adding 3 wt.% Cu in Ti3Al2V reduced planktonic bacteria colonies by 78%–86% compared to commercially pure Ti. Ti3Al2V–10Ta displayed the best in vivo biocompatibility with 3.5-fold higher bone formation than Ti6Al4V. Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu multifaceted alloy has the potential to replace Ti6Al4V in orthopedic and dental applications with superior early-stage osseointegration and inherent antibacterial performance. Bacterial colonization of orthopedic implants is one of the leading causes of failure and clinical complexities for load-bearing metallic implants. Topical or systemic administration of antibiotics may not offer the most efficient defense against colonization, especially in the case of secondary infection, leading to surgical removal of implants and in some cases even limbs. In this study, laser powder bed fusion was implemented to fabricate Ti3Al2V alloy by a 1:1 weight mixture of CpTi and Ti6Al4V powders. Ti-Tantalum (Ta)–Copper (Cu) alloys were further analyzed by the addition of Ta and Cu into the Ti3Al2V custom alloy. The biological, mechanical, and tribo-biocorrosion properties of Ti3Al2V alloy were evaluated. A 10 wt.% Ta (10Ta) and 3 wt.% Cu (3Cu) were added to the Ti3Al2V alloy to enhance biocompatibility and impart inherent bacterial resistance. Additively manufactured implants were investigated for resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains of bacteria for up to 48 h. A 3 wt.% Cu addition to Ti3Al2V displayed improved antibacterial efficacy, i.e. 78%–86% with respect to CpTi. Mechanical properties for Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy were evaluated, demonstrating excellent fatigue resistance, exceptional shear strength, and improved tribological and tribo-biocorrosion characteristics when compared to Ti6Al4V. In vivo studies using a rat distal femur model revealed improved early-stage osseointegration for alloys with 10 wt.% Ta addition compared to CpTi and Ti6Al4V. The 3 wt.% Cu-added compositions displayed biocompatibility and no adverse inflammatory response in vivo . Our results establish the Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy’s synergistic effect on improving both in vivo biocompatibility and microbial resistance for the next generation of load-bearing metallic implants.

• Publisher: IOP Publishing
• Subject: 3D printing / Additive manufacturing / Alloys / antibacterial performance / Bacteria / Bacterial corrosion / Biocompatibility / Biological properties / Copper / Copper base alloys / Fatigue strength / Femur / In vivo methods and tests / Inflammatory response / load-bearing implants / Mechanical properties / Microorganisms / Orthopaedic implants / Orthopedics / Powder beds / Shear strength / Surgical implants / Synergistic effect / Tantalum / Ti6Al4V / Titanium base alloys / Tribology