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Respiratory system responses to a maximal apnoea
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Journal Article
Respiratory system responses to a maximal apnoea
2025
Overview
A maximal apnoea provides significant challenges to one's physiological systems, including significantly altered arterial blood gases, and requires a highly integrative response from multiple systems, that is, changes in blood pressure, maintenance of cerebral blood flow, etc. Previous work and reviews have focused on the cardiovascular responses to a maximal apnoea, but very little work has focused upon the responses of the respiratory muscles and respiratory mechanics. This is important because of the changes to arterial blood gases leading to an increased drive to breath and the appearance of involuntary respiratory muscle contractions. This review outlines what is known about how the respiratory system responds to a maximal apnoea. We put forth the hypothesis that the respiratory muscles may become fatigued following a maximal apnoea and that the respiratory muscles of elite divers may be more fatigue‐resistant, which could be an important feature of these individuals which allows them to be successful in this sport. Finally, we provide direction for future work to explore the long‐term health of apnoea diving. What is the topic of this review? This narrative review outlines the known and unknown responses of the respiratory system to a maximal apnoea. What advances does it highlight? This review enhances our understanding of the respiratory responses to a maximal apnoea by outlining how the respiratory muscles respond and how respiratory mechanics may change during or as a result of a maximal apnoea. We put forth novel hypotheses about these parameters, that is, development of respiratory muscle fatigue, and provide future directions for experimental studies using apnoea as a physiological stressor.
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc,John Wiley and Sons Inc,Wiley
