Journal Article

Pragmatic O-Positive Whole-blood RandoMizaTion in male trauma Patients (POWeR-MTP)

Stevens, Wesley T., Suarez, Gus, Strada, Anthony M., Luo-Owen, Xian, Lum, Sharon S., Mukherjee, Kaushik, Tabrizi, Maryam B., Rosenthal, Martin G.

2025

Overview

Purpose Hemorrhage is a significant cause of trauma-related death. Low-titer O-positive whole blood (LTOWB) is an alternative to component therapy (CT) [packed red blood cells (PRBC) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP)]. We evaluated if LTOWB reduces transfusion requirement or mortality. Methods Adult male trauma activations requiring uncrossmatched transfusion in the emergency department underwent nonblinded 24-hour block randomization to receive uncrossmatched LTOWB or CT in the emergency department (ED). Female patients, children, and known prisoners were excluded. If LTOWB was not available, CT was used. Primary outcome was transfusion requirement in patients surviving ≥ 24 h, with a subset analysis for patients undergoing hemorrhage control interventions (HCI). Dichotomous variables were evaluated with Chi-Square testing and continuous outcomes with Student’s T-test. Results Overall, 199 patients were randomized (52 LTOWB, 147 CT); 36 patients (12 LTOWB, 24 CT) were excluded post-randomization for mortality within 24 h. The remaining 40 LTOWB and 123 CT patient cohorts had similar age, Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and temperature. LTOWB patients received 1.4 ± 0.75 LTOWB units. LTOWB patients trended toward less transfusion (PRBC [3.8 ± 5.6 vs. 5.7 ± 6.2 units, p  = 0.077], FFP [2.3 ± 3.8 vs. 3.5 ± 4.3 units, p  = 0.088], and CRYO [0.13 ± 0.34 vs. 0.28 ± 0.68 units, p  = 0.061]). Mortality was similar (LTOWB:10.2% [4/39] vs. CT:10.5% [13/123], p  = 0.956). LTOWB patients undergoing HCI had less transfusion than CT patients (PRBC [3.9 ± 5.1 vs. 7.4 ± 7.2 units, p  = 0.013]; in the HCI cohort the differences were even more pronounced when severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) deaths were excluded (PRBC [3.0 ± 3.6 vs. 7.4 ± 7.2 units, p  < 0.001], FFP [2.1 ± 2.3 vs. 4.5 ± 5.2 units, p  = 0.005]). Conclusion LTOWB is associated with reduced PRBC transfusion in patients undergoing HCI, and a trend toward decreased PRBC, FFP, and CRYO transfusion in all patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05081063), posted 10/18/2021.

• Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: ABO Blood-Group System / Adult / Blood Transfusion - methods / Blood Transfusion - statistics & numerical data / Critical Care Medicine / Emergency medical care / Emergency Medicine / Emergency Service, Hospital / Glasgow Coma Scale / Hemorrhage - etiology / Hemorrhage - mortality / Hemorrhage - therapy / Humans / Injury Severity Score / Intensive / Male / Medicine / Medicine & Public Health / Middle Aged / Mortality / Original / Original Article / Sports Medicine / Surgery / Surgical Orthopedics / Trauma / Traumatic brain injury / Traumatic Surgery / Treatment Outcome / Wounds and Injuries - blood / Wounds and Injuries - complications / Wounds and Injuries - mortality / Wounds and Injuries - therapy