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Colorectal cancer, one entity or three
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Journal Article
Colorectal cancer, one entity or three
2009
Overview
Understanding of the mechanism of colorectal carcinogenesis has been gaining momentum for some years on account of its high incidence and impact on the lives of individuals affected. Different genetic abnormalities have been found in colorectal cancers from different sites. For example, proximal colon cancer is usually related to the nucleotide instability pathway, as microsatellite instability （MSI）. However, distal colon cancer is usually associated with specific chromosomal instability （CIN）. The development of cancer at the rectum, though similar to that at the colon, displays its own unique features. These differences might be partially attributed to different embryological development and physiological circumstances. Environmental factors such as diet and alcohol intake also differ in their role in the development of tumors in the three segments, proximal colon, distal colon, and rectum. ＂Proximal shift＂ of colon cancer has been known for some time, and survival rates of colorectal cancer are higher when rectal cancers are excluded, both of which emphasize the three different segments of coloreetal cancer and their different properties. Meanwhile, colonic and rectal cancers are distinctive therapeutic entities. The concept of three entities of coloreetal cancer may be important in designing clinical trails or therapeutic strategies. However, the dispute about the inconsistency of data coneerning the site-specific mechanism of eolorectal carcinoma does exist, and more evidence about molecular events of carcinogenesis and targeted therapy needs to be collected to definitely confirm the conception.
Publisher
SP Zhejiang University Press,Springer Nature B.V,Zhejiang University Press
Subject
