Journal Article

Attosecond temporal structure of non-consecutive harmonic combs revealed by multiple near-infrared photon transitions in two-color photoionisation

Plekan, Oksana, Mauritsson, Johan, Shah, Ronak, Giannessi, Luca, Feifel, Raimund, Zeni, Gabriele, Spezzani, Carlo, Prince, Kevin C., Feist, Johannes, Palacios, Alicia, Makos, Ioannis, Coreno, Marcello, Manfredda, Michele, Allaria, Enrico, Csizmadia, Tamás, Simpson, Emma Rose, Demidovich, Alexander, Poletto, Luca, Schmoll, Marvin, Frassetto, Fabio, Kühn, Sergei, Sansone, Giuseppe, Rebernik Ribič, Primož, Squibb, Richard J., Di Fraia, Michele, Merzuk, Barbara, Benito de Lama, Miguel, Bengtsson, Samuel, Dumergue, Mathieu, Busto, David, Penco, Giuseppe, Maroju, Praveen Kumar, Simoncig, Alberto, Ueda, Kiyoshi, De Ninno, Giovanni, Zangrando, Marco, Bonanomi, Matteo, Danailov, Miltcho, Callegari, Carlo

2025

Overview

The metrology of attosecond pulse trains is based on a cross-correlation technique between a comb of extreme ultraviolet harmonics generated by the high-order harmonic generation process and a synchronised infrared field. The approach, usually referred to as reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBIT), allows one to recover the relative phase between the comb of consecutive odd harmonics, thus providing access to the attosecond temporal structure of the radiation. Seeded free-electron lasers have recently demonstrated the generation of combs consisting of even and odd harmonics of the seeding radiation. In this scheme, each harmonic is generated by an independent undulator (or set thereof), providing an additional degree of freedom in selecting the specific harmonics that make up the extreme ultraviolet comb. Here, we present results on the generation and temporal characterisation of a comb consisting of non-consecutive harmonics. The single-shot correlation analysis of the photoelectron spectra and the reordering of the single-shot data using an attosecond timing tool allow the reconstruction of the group delay dispersion of the harmonic comb and the temporal reconstruction of the attosecond pulse train. Attosecond pulse trains, crucial for ultrafast science, traditionally consist of only odd harmonics due to symmetry constraints in high-order harmonic generation. Here, the authors extend the RABBIT technique to analyze non-consecutive harmonics, enabling the temporal reconstruction of attosecond pulse trains and advancing metrology in extreme ultraviolet spectroscopy.

• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio
• Subject: 639/624/400/3923 / 639/624/400/584 / Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics / Atom- och molekylfysik och optik (Här ingår: Kemisk fysik, kvantoptik) / Attosecond pulses / Correlation analysis / Cross correlation / Extreme ultraviolet radiation / Free electron lasers / Fysik / Group delay / Harmonic generations / Metrology / Natural Sciences / Naturvetenskap / Photoelectrons / Photoionization / Photons / Physical Sciences / Physics / Physics and Astronomy / Radiation / Reconstruction / Spectrum analysis