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A gel phase promotes condensation of liquid P granules in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos
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A gel phase promotes condensation of liquid P granules in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos
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Journal Article
A gel phase promotes condensation of liquid P granules in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos
2019
Overview
RNA granules are subcellular compartments that are proposed to form by liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS), a thermodynamic process that partitions molecules between dilute liquid phases and condensed liquid phases. The mechanisms that localize liquid phases in cells, however, are not fully understood. P granules are RNA granules that form in the posterior of Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Theoretical studies have suggested that spontaneous LLPS of the RNA-binding protein PGL-3 with RNA drives the assembly of P granules. We find that the PGL-3 phase is intrinsically labile and requires a second phase for stabilization in embryos. The second phase is formed by gel-like assemblies of the disordered protein MEG-3 that associate with liquid PGL-3 droplets in the embryo posterior. Co-assembly of gel phases and liquid phases confers local stability and long-range dynamics, both of which contribute to localized assembly of P granules. Our findings suggest that condensation of RNA granules can be regulated spatially by gel-like polymers that stimulate LLPS locally in the cytoplasm.P granules, which are cytoplasmic RNA granules that form via liquid–liquid phase separation in the posterior of Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, require gel and liquid phases for localized assembly and stability
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Subject
