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Ammonium and nitrite oxidation at nanomolar oxygen concentrations in oxygen minimum zone waters
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Ammonium and nitrite oxidation at nanomolar oxygen concentrations in oxygen minimum zone waters
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Journal Article
Ammonium and nitrite oxidation at nanomolar oxygen concentrations in oxygen minimum zone waters
2016
Overview
A major percentage of fixed nitrogen (N) loss in the oceans occurs within nitrite-rich oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) via denitrification and anammox. It remains unclear to what extent ammonium and nitrite oxidation co-occur, either supplying or competing for substrates involved in nitrogen loss in the OMZ core. Assessment of the oxygen (O₂) sensitivity of these processes down to the O₂ concentrations present in the OMZ core (<10 nmol·L−1) is therefore essential for understanding and modeling nitrogen loss in OMZs. We determined rates of ammonium and nitrite oxidation in the seasonal OMZ off Concepcion, Chile at manipulated O₂ levels between 5 nmol·L−1 and 20 μmol·L−1. Rates of both processes were detectable in the low nanomolar range (5–33 nmol·L−1 O₂), but demonstrated a strong dependence on O₂ concentrations with apparent half-saturation constants (Km
s) of 333 ± 130 nmol·L−1 O₂ for ammonium oxidation and 778 ± 168 nmol·L−1 O₂ for nitrite oxidation assuming one-component Michaelis–Menten kinetics. Nitrite oxidation rates, however, were better described with a two-component Michaelis–Menten model, indicating a high-affinity component with a Km
of just a few nanomolar. As the communities of ammonium and nitrite oxidizers were similar to other OMZs, these kinetics should apply across OMZ systems. The high O₂ affinities imply that ammonium and nitrite oxidation can occur within the OMZ core whenever O₂ is supplied, for example, by episodic intrusions. These processes therefore compete with anammox and denitrification for ammonium and nitrite, thereby exerting an important control over nitrogen loss.
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Subject
