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Selenium Nanoparticles by Moderating Oxidative Stress Promote Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Osteoblasts
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Journal Article
Selenium Nanoparticles by Moderating Oxidative Stress Promote Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Osteoblasts
2021
Overview
Redox homeostasis plays an important role in the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for bone engineering. Oxidative stress (OS) is believed to induce osteoporosis by changing bone homeostasis. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), an antioxidant with pleiotropic pharmacological activity, prevent bone loss. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the osteogenic activity during hMSC-SeNP interaction is unclear.
This study assessed the effects of different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 300 ng/mL) of SeNPs on the cell viability and differentiation ability of human embryonic stem cell-derived hMSCs. In addition, we analyzed OS markers and their effect on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) during osteogenesis.
SeNPs increased the cell viability of hMSCs and induced their differentiation toward an osteogenic over an adipogenic lineage by enhancing osteogenic transcription and mineralization, while inhibiting Nile red staining and adipogenic gene expression. By preventing excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation, SeNPs increased antioxidant levels in hMSCs undergoing osteogenesis compared to untreated cells. In addition, SeNPs significantly upregulated the gene and protein expression of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and FOXO3a, with no significant change in the expression levels of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPK.
The results approved that low concentrations of SeNPs might enhance the cell viability and osteogenic potential of hMSCs by moderating OS. Increased JNK and FOXO3a expression shows that SeNPs might enhance osteogenesis via activation of the JNK/FOXO3 pathway. In addition, SeNP co-supplementation might prevent bone loss by enhancing osteogenesis and, thus, can be an effective candidate for treating osteoporosis through cell-based therapy.
Publisher
Dove Medical Press Limited,Taylor & Francis Ltd,Dove Press,Dove
Subject
/ Analysis
/ Cell Differentiation - drug effects
/ Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases - metabolism
/ Humans
/ JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism
/ Kinases
/ MAP Kinase Signaling System - drug effects
/ Mesenchymal Stem Cells - cytology
/ Mesenchymal Stem Cells - drug effects
/ Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism
/ Mitogens
/ Oxidative Stress - drug effects
/ p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism
/ Scientific equipment and supplies industry
/ Selenium
