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Immune modulation in humans: implications for type 1 diabetes mellitus
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Journal Article
Immune modulation in humans: implications for type 1 diabetes mellitus
2014
Overview
Key Points
Reduced immune regulation seems to be a feature of a subgroup of individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)
Several genetic risk factors for T1DM are associated with differential functionality of immune modulation
Most immune intervention strategies that have been assessed for their efficacy in intervening in the immunopathogenesis of T1DM suppress, rather than modulate, the autoimmune response against pancreatic islets
The newly appreciated heterogeneity in T1DM implies that a personalized approach could be used to treat this disease; treatments that modify the immune system might be ideally suited to this purpose
The newly appreciated heterogeneity in type 1 diabetes mellitus implies that a personalized approach could be used to treat this disease; treatments that modify the immune system might be ideally suited to this purpose. This Review discusses the current knowledge on immune regulation and dysfunction in humans that could be used to develop new therapies.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the result of autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells in genetically predisposed individuals with impaired immune regulation. The insufficiency in the modulation of immune attacks on the β cells might be partly due to genetic causes; indeed, several of the genetic variants that predispose individuals to T1DM have functional features of impaired immune regulation. Whilst defects in immune regulation in patients with T1DM have been identified, many patients seem to have immune regulatory capacities that are indistinguishable from those of healthy individuals. Insight into the regulation of islet autoimmunity might enable us to restore immune imbalances with therapeutic interventions. In this Review, we discuss the current knowledge on immune regulation and dysfunction in humans that is the basis of tissue-specific immune regulation as an alternative to generalized immune suppression.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ 692/420
/ Adjuvants, Immunologic - therapeutic use
/ Diabetes
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - genetics
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology
/ Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - pathology
/ Disease
/ Humans
/ Immunity, Cellular - physiology
/ Immunomodulation - physiology
