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Floating Carbon Nitride Composites for Practical Solar Reforming of Pre‐Treated Wastes to Hydrogen Gas
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Floating Carbon Nitride Composites for Practical Solar Reforming of Pre‐Treated Wastes to Hydrogen Gas
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Journal Article
Floating Carbon Nitride Composites for Practical Solar Reforming of Pre‐Treated Wastes to Hydrogen Gas
2023
Overview
Solar reforming (SR) is a promising green‐energy technology that can use sunlight to mitigate biomass and plastic waste while producing hydrogen gas at ambient pressure and temperature. However, practical challenges, including photocatalyst lifetime, recyclability, and low production rates in turbid waste suspensions, limit SR's industrial potential. By immobilizing SR catalyst materials (carbon nitride/platinum; CNx|Pt and carbon nitride/nickel phosphide; CNx|Ni2P) on hollow glass microspheres (HGM), which act as floating supports enabling practical composite recycling, such limitations can be overcome. Substrates derived from plastic and biomass, including poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and cellulose, are reformed by floating SR composites, which are reused for up to ten consecutive cycles under realistic, vertical simulated solar irradiation (AM1.5G), reaching activities of 1333 ± 240 µmolH2 m−2 h−1 on pre‐treated PET. Floating SR composites are also advantageous in realistic waste where turbidity prevents light absorption by non‐floating catalyst powders, achieving 338.1 ± 1.1 µmolH2 m−2 h−1 using floating CNx versus non‐detectable H2 production with non‐floating CNx and a pre‐treated PET bottle as substrate. Low Pt loadings (0.033 ± 0.0013% m/m) demonstrate consistent performance and recyclability, allowing efficient use of precious metals for SR hydrogen production from waste substrates at large areal scale (217 cm2), taking an important step toward practical SR implementation.
Reusable floating composites of carbon nitride containing hollow glass microspheres separate to the air‐water interface where they catalyze solar reforming (SR) reactions, transforming waste streams to hydrogen gas. Driven by sunlight, the floating composite produces hydrogen gas from plastic and biomass substrates over consecutive cycles and enables SR in turbid waste suspensions, addressing some key concerns for potential application.
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Inc,John Wiley and Sons Inc,Wiley
Subject
