Journal Article

The Detection of Vancomycin in Sweat: A Next-Generation Digital Surrogate Marker for Antibiotic Tissue Penetration: A Pilot Study

Widmer, Andreas, Brasier-Lutz, Pascale, De Ieso, Fiorangelo, Yao, Linxing, Brasier, Noé, Eckstein, Jens, Prenni, Jessica, Osthoff, Michael, Mutke, Markus, Brown, Kitty, Broeckling, Corey D.

2021

Overview

Background: Assuring adequate antibiotic tissue concentrations at the point of infection, especially in skin and soft tissue infections, is pivotal for an effective treatment and cure. Despite the global issue, a reliable AB monitoring test is missing. Inadequate antibiotic treatment leads to the development of antimicrobial resistances and toxic side effects. β-lactam antibiotics were already detected in sweat of patients treated with the respective antibiotics intravenously before. With the emergence of smartphone-based biosensors to analyse sweat on the spot of need, next-generation molecular digital biomarkers will be increasingly available for a non-invasive pharmacotherapy monitoring. Objective: Here, we investigated if the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin is detectable in sweat samples of in-patients treated with intravenous vancomycin. Methods: Eccrine sweat samples were collected using the Macroduct Sweat Collector®. Along every sweat sample, a blood sample was taken. Bio-fluid analysis was performed by Ultra-high Pressure Liquid Chromatograph-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Results: A total of 5 patients were included. Results demonstrate that vancomycin was detected in 5 out of 5 sweat samples. Specifically, vancomycin concentrations ranged from 0.011 to 0.118 mg/L in sweat and from 4.7 to 8.5 mg/L in blood. Conclusion: Our results serve as proof-of-concept that vancomycin is detectable in eccrine sweat and may serve as a surrogate marker for antibiotic tissue penetration. A targeted vancomycin treatment is crucial in patients with repetitive need for antibiotics and a variable antibiotic distribution such as in peripheral artery disease to optimize treatment effectiveness. If combined with on-skin smartphone-based biosensors and smartphone applications, the detection of antibiotic concentrations in sweat might enable a first digital, on-spot, lab-independent and non-invasive therapeutic drug monitoring in skin and soft tissue infections.

• Publisher: S. Karger AG,Karger Publishers
• Subject: antibiotic stewardship / Antibiotics / Biomarkers / Biosensors / Blood / clinical study / Drug dosages / High pressure / Mass spectrometry / Patients / Research Reports – Brief Report / Research Reports − Brief Report / Side effects / Skin / skin and soft tissue infections / Smartphones / Software / Staphylococcus infections / sweat analysis / Therapeutic drug monitoring / Tissues / vancomycin / Vascular diseases / wearable sensors