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Phaeodactylum tricornutum: A Diatom Cell Factory
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Phaeodactylum tricornutum: A Diatom Cell Factory
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Journal Article
Phaeodactylum tricornutum: A Diatom Cell Factory
2020
Overview
A switch from a petroleum-based to a biobased economy requires the capacity to produce both high-value low-volume and low-value high-volume products. Recent evidence supports the development of microalgae-based microbial cell factories with the objective of establishing environmentally sustainable manufacturing solutions. Diatoms display rich diversity and potential in this regard. We focus on Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a pennate diatom that is commonly found in marine ecosystems, and discuss recent trends in developing the diatom chassis for the production of a suite of natural and genetically engineered products. Both upstream and downstream developments are reviewed for the commercial development of P. tricornutum as a cell factory for a spectrum of marketable products.
P. tricornutum CCAP 1055/1 is a diatom with a sequenced annotated genome with >100 000 expression sequence tags. Transformation is becoming routine using biolistics, electroporation, and more recently by conjugation with E. coli. There is improved understanding of its biochemical pathways.P. tricornutum is showcased as a microalgal cell factory with a product spectrum including eicosapentaenoic acid, fucoxanthin, neutral lipids, and crysolaminarin, all producible with the chassis, in addition to heterologous recombinant proteins, triterpenoids (lupeol and betulin), and bioplastics precursors.P. tricornutum can be readily harvested with a host of approaches, and relevant products can be recovered using green extraction processes such as microwave-assisted and pressurized liquid extraction, with the potential to develop sustainable cost-effective processes in a biorefinery approach.
