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Using Microbial Aggregates to Entrap Aqueous Phosphorus
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Using Microbial Aggregates to Entrap Aqueous Phosphorus
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Journal Article
Using Microbial Aggregates to Entrap Aqueous Phosphorus
2020
Overview
The increasing use and associated loss of phosphorus to the environment pose risks to aquatic ecosystems. Technology for phosphorus removal based on microbial aggregates is a natural, ecologically widespread, and sustainable reclamation strategy. Two main processes dominate phosphorus removal by microbial aggregates: extra- and intra-cellular entrapment. Extracellular phosphorus entrapment relies on extracellular polymeric substances, while intracellular entrapment uses a wider variety of phosphorus-entrapping mechanisms. In microbial aggregates, microalgae–bacteria interactions, quorum sensing, and acclimation can enhance phosphorus removal. Based on these insights, we propose novel avenues for entrapping phosphorus using ecological and genetic engineering, manipulated interactions, and integrated processes to create phosphorus removal technology mediated by microbial aggregates.
Phosphorus (P) entrapment by microbial aggregates is a natural process that requires relatively small amounts of operational inputs and is eco-friendly; it offers an effective means to remove P from eutrophic surface waters.Extracellular polymeric substances in microbial aggregates play an important role in extracellular P entrapment due to their inherent characteristics, chemical composition, and role in aggregation.Multiple mechanisms allow intracellular P entrapment by microalgae and polyphosphate-accumulating microorganisms in microbial aggregates.In microbial aggregates, microalgae–bacteria interactions, quorum sensing, and adaption can enhance the community’s ability to remove P.Ecological and genetic engineering, regulation of interactions, and integrated processes (microbial aggregates with enhanced biological P removal and bioelectrochemical system), can help to design P removal technology based on microbial aggregates.
