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Production of ammonia as a low-cost and long-distance antibiotic strategy by Streptomyces species
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Production of ammonia as a low-cost and long-distance antibiotic strategy by Streptomyces species
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Journal Article
Production of ammonia as a low-cost and long-distance antibiotic strategy by Streptomyces species
2020
Overview
Soil-inhabiting streptomycetes are nature’s medicine makers, producing over half of all known antibiotics and many other bioactive natural products. However, these bacteria also produce many volatiles, molecules that disperse through the soil matrix and may impact other (micro)organisms from a distance. Here, we show that soil- and surface-grown streptomycetes have the ability to kill bacteria over long distances via air-borne antibiosis. Our research shows that streptomycetes do so by producing surprisingly high amounts of the low-cost volatile ammonia, dispersing over long distances to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Glycine is required as precursor to produce ammonia, and inactivation of the glycine cleavage system nullified ammonia biosynthesis and concomitantly air-borne antibiosis. Reduced expression of the porin master regulator OmpR and its cognate kinase EnvZ is used as a resistance strategy by
E. coli
cells to survive ammonia-mediated antibiosis. Finally, ammonia was shown to enhance the activity of canonical antibiotics, suggesting that streptomycetes adopt a low-cost strategy to sensitize competitors for antibiosis from a distance.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Oxford University Press
Subject
/ 38/91
/ Ammonia
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - metabolism
/ Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
/ Bacteria
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Drug Resistance, Microbial - physiology
/ E coli
/ Ecology
/ Escherichia coli - metabolism
/ Escherichia coli Proteins - metabolism
/ Glycine
/ Gram-Negative Bacteria - drug effects
/ Gram-Positive Bacteria - drug effects
/ Kinases
/ Low cost
/ Microbial Genetics and Genomics
/ Soils
/ Strategy
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