Journal Article

Characteristics and Treatment Strategies for Basicervical and Transcervical Shear Fractures of the Femoral Neck

Shin Yamada, Norio Suzuki, Hitoshi Kubota, Motoharu Komatsu, Takayuki Tani, Tetsuya Kawano, Itsuki Nagahata, Keiji Kamo, Shun Igarashi, Takanori Miura, Hiroshi Tazawa, Natsuo Konishi, Naohisa Miyakoshi, Yosuke Iwamoto, Masashi Fujii, Hiroaki Kijima, Ken Sasaki

2023

Overview

This study aimed to define basicervical and transcervical shear fractures using area classification and to determine the optimal osteosynthesis implants for them. The clinical outcomes of 1042 proximal femur fractures were investigated. A model of the proximal femur of a healthy adult was created from computed tomography images, and basicervical and transcervical shear fractures were established in the model. Osteosynthesis models were created using a short femoral nail with a single lag screw or two lag screws and a long femoral nail with a single lag screw or two lag screws. The minimum principal strains of the fracture surfaces were compared when the maximum loads during walking were applied to these models using finite element analysis software. Basicervical fractures accounted for 0.96% of all proximal femur fractures, 67% of which were treated with osteosynthesis; the failure rate was 0%. Transcervical shear fractures accounted for 9.6% of all proximal femur fractures, 24% of which were treated with osteosynthesis; the failure rate was 13%. Finite element analysis showed that transcervical shear fracture has high instability. To perform osteosynthesis, multiple screw insertions into the femoral head and careful postoperative management are required; joint replacement should be considered to achieve early mobility.

• Publisher: MDPI AG
• Subject: Classification / Clinical medicine / Clinical outcomes / Evaluation / Finite element analysis / Fractures / Hip joint / Medical imaging / Medical records / Orthopedic surgery / Orthopedics / Patient outcomes / Tomography / Transplants & implants / Trauma