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Mycorrhizal Networks: Common Goods of Plants Shared under Unequal Terms of Trade
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Journal Article
Mycorrhizal Networks: Common Goods of Plants Shared under Unequal Terms of Trade
2012
Overview
Plants commonly live in a symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). They invest photosynthetic products to feed their fungal partners, which, in return, provide mineral nutrients foraged in the soil by their intricate hyphal networks. Intriguingly, AMF can link neighboring plants, forming common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs). What are the terms of trade in such CMNs between plants and their shared fungal partners? To address this question, we set up microcosms containing a pair of test plants, interlinked by a CMN of Glomus intraradices or Glomus mosseae. The plants were flax (Linum usitatissimum; a C₃ plant) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor; a C₄ plant), which display distinctly different ¹³C/¹²C isotope compositions. This allowed us to differentially assess the carbon investment of the two plants into the CMN through stable isotope tracing. In parallel, we determined the plants' \"return of investment\" (i.e. the acquisition of nutrients via CMN) using ¹⁵N and ³³P as tracers. Depending on the AMF species, we found a strong asymmetry in the terms of trade: flax invested little carbon but gained up to 94% of the nitrogen and phosphorus provided by the CMN, which highly facilitated growth, whereas the neighboring sorghum invested massive amounts of carbon with little return but was barely affected in growth. Overall biomass production in the mixed culture surpassed the mean of the two monocultures. Thus, CMNs may contribute to interplant facilitation and the productivity boosts often found with intercropping compared with conventional monocropping.
Publisher
American Society of Plant Biologists
Subject
Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
/ analysis
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Carbon
/ Culture Techniques - methods
/ flax
/ Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
/ Hyphae
/ Hyphae - growth & development
/ methods
/ Mosses
/ Mycorrhizae - growth & development
/ nitrogen
/ Nitrogen Isotopes - analysis
/ Phosphorus Isotopes - analysis
/ Plant physiology and development
/ Plants
/ PLANTS INTERACTING WITH OTHER ORGANISMS
/ Soil
/ Sorghum
/ Symbiosis (nodules, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, mycorrhiza...)
