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Assessment of oral health in older adults by non-dental professional caregivers—development and validation of a photograph-supported oral health–related section for the interRAI suite of instruments
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Assessment of oral health in older adults by non-dental professional caregivers—development and validation of a photograph-supported oral health–related section for the interRAI suite of instruments
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Journal Article
Assessment of oral health in older adults by non-dental professional caregivers—development and validation of a photograph-supported oral health–related section for the interRAI suite of instruments
2021
Overview
Objectives
An optimized oral health-related section and a video training were developed and validated for the interRAI suite of instruments. The latter is completed by professional non-dental caregivers and used in more than 40 countries to assess care needs of older adults.
Methods
The optimized oral health–related section (ohr-interRAI) consists of nine items and a video training that were developed in consecutive phases. To evaluate psychometric properties, a study was conducted in 260 long-term care residents. Each resident was assessed by a dentist and by four caregivers (two who received the video training, two who did not).
Results
Mean kappa values and percent agreement between caregivers and dentist ranged between
κ
= 0.60 (80.2%) for
dry mouth
and
κ
= 0.13 (54.0%) for
oral hygiene
. The highest inter-caregiver agreement was found for
dry mouth
with
κ
= 0.63 [95% CI: 0.56–0.70] (81.6%), while for the item
palate/lips/cheeks
only
κ
= 0.27 [95% CI: 0.18–0.36] (76.7%) was achieved. Intra-caregiver agreement ranged between
κ
= 0.93 [95% CI: 0.79–1.00] (96.4%) for
dry mouth
and
κ
= 0.45 [95% CI: 0.06-0.84] (82.8%) for
gums.
Logistic regression analysis showed only small differences between caregivers who watched the video training and those who did not.
Conclusions
Psychometric properties of the optimized ohr-interRAI section were improved compared to previous versions. Nevertheless, particularly the items based on inspection of the mouth require further refinement and caregiver training needs to be improved.
Clinical Relevance
Valid assessment of oral health by professional caregivers is essential due to the impaired accessibility of regular dental care for care-dependent older adults.
