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Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 variant following booster vaccination or breakthrough infection in the UK

by Stoesser, Nicole , Bell, John I. , Marsden, Brian D. , Jones, E. Yvonne , Eyre, David W. , Walker, A. Sarah , Diamond, Ian , Newton, John N. , Farrar, Jeremy , Studley, Ruth , Crook, Derrick W. , Peto, Tim E. A. , Pouwels, Koen B. , Stuart, David I. , Wei, Jia , Taylor, Nick , Hoosdally, Sarah , Kolenchery, Jaison , Matthews, Philippa C.

in 13/1 / 38/77 / 631/326/596/4130 / 692/308/174 / 692/699/255/2514 / Adult / Antibodies / Antibodies, Viral / Breakthrough Infections / COVID-19 / COVID-19 - prevention & control / COVID-19 Vaccines / Humanities and Social Sciences / Humans / IgG antibody / Immunization / Immunoglobulin G / Infections / multidisciplinary / Reinfection / SARS-CoV-2 / Science / Science (multidisciplinary) / Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 / United Kingdom - epidemiology / Vaccination / Vaccines

2023

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Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 variant following booster vaccination or breakthrough infection in the UK

2023

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2023

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Journal Article

Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 variant following booster vaccination or breakthrough infection in the UK

Stoesser, Nicole,

Bell, John I.,

Marsden, Brian D.,

Jones, E. Yvonne,

Eyre, David W.,

Walker, A. Sarah,

Diamond, Ian,

Newton, John N.,

Farrar, Jeremy,

Studley, Ruth,

Crook, Derrick W.,

Peto, Tim E. A.,

Pouwels, Koen B.,

Stuart, David I.,

Wei, Jia,

Taylor, Nick,

Hoosdally, Sarah,

Kolenchery, Jaison,

Matthews, Philippa C.

2023

Overview

Following primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, whether boosters or breakthrough infections provide greater protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection is incompletely understood. Here we investigated SARS-CoV-2 antibody correlates of protection against new Omicron BA.4/5 (re-)infections and anti-spike IgG antibody trajectories after a third/booster vaccination or breakthrough infection following second vaccination in 154,149 adults ≥18 y from the United Kingdom general population. Higher antibody levels were associated with increased protection against Omicron BA.4/5 infection and breakthrough infections were associated with higher levels of protection at any given antibody level than boosters. Breakthrough infections generated similar antibody levels to boosters, and the subsequent antibody declines were slightly slower than after boosters. Together our findings show breakthrough infection provides longer-lasting protection against further infections than booster vaccinations. Our findings, considered alongside the risks of severe infection and long-term consequences of infection, have important implications for vaccine policy. The duration and strength of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection resulting from a booster vaccine dose or breakthrough infection are not well understood. This study uses data from the UK COVID-19 Infection Survey to investigate correlates of protection against Omicron BA.4/5 infection and assess antibody responses to booster vaccination and breakthrough infections.

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Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group,Nature Portfolio

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/ 38/77

/ Adult