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The RSPO–LGR4/5–ZNRF3/RNF43 module controls liver zonation and size
The RSPO–LGR4/5–ZNRF3/RNF43 module controls liver zonation and size
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The RSPO–LGR4/5–ZNRF3/RNF43 module controls liver zonation and size
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The RSPO–LGR4/5–ZNRF3/RNF43 module controls liver zonation and size
The RSPO–LGR4/5–ZNRF3/RNF43 module controls liver zonation and size
Journal Article

The RSPO–LGR4/5–ZNRF3/RNF43 module controls liver zonation and size

2016
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Overview
LGR4/5 receptors and their cognate RSPO ligands potentiate Wnt/β-catenin signalling and promote proliferation and tissue homeostasis in epithelial stem cell compartments. In the liver, metabolic zonation requires a Wnt/β-catenin signalling gradient, but the instructive mechanism controlling its spatiotemporal regulation is not known. We have now identified the RSPO–LGR4/5–ZNRF3/RNF43 module as a master regulator of Wnt/β-catenin-mediated metabolic liver zonation. Liver-specific LGR4/5 loss of function (LOF) or RSPO blockade disrupted hepatic Wnt/β-catenin signalling and zonation. Conversely, pathway activation in ZNRF3/RNF43 LOF mice or with recombinant RSPO1 protein expanded the hepatic Wnt/β-catenin signalling gradient in a reversible and LGR4/5-dependent manner. Recombinant RSPO1 protein increased liver size and improved liver regeneration, whereas LGR4/5 LOF caused the opposite effects, resulting in hypoplastic livers. Furthermore, we show that LGR4 + hepatocytes throughout the lobule contribute to liver homeostasis without zonal dominance. Taken together, our results indicate that the RSPO–LGR4/5–ZNRF3/RNF43 module controls metabolic liver zonation and is a hepatic growth/size rheostat during development, homeostasis and regeneration. Tchorz and colleagues identify a role for the RSPO–LGR4/5–ZNRF3/RNF43 module as master regulator of Wnt/β-catenin-mediated metabolic liver zonation and hepatic growth/size control during development, homeostasis and regeneration.