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Fungal and viral entomopathogens as a combined strategy for the biological control of fall armyworm larvae in maize
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Fungal and viral entomopathogens as a combined strategy for the biological control of fall armyworm larvae in maize
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Journal Article
Fungal and viral entomopathogens as a combined strategy for the biological control of fall armyworm larvae in maize
2022
Overview
Background
The fall armyworm
Spodoptera frugiperda
is one of the major pests in maize crops, causing important production losses. The pest has rapidly spread worldwide, generating an urgent need to develop efficient and sustainable strategies for its control. In this work, the potential of integrating nucleopolyhedrovirus- (NPV) and the fungus
Metarhizium rileyi
to control
S. frugiperda
larvae was evaluated under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions.
Methods
The mortality of
S. frugiperda
larvae was evaluated after the application of NPV and
M. rileyi
alone or in combination using three concentrations (high, medium and low) under laboratory conditions. Then, two greenhouse trials using maize plants were carried out to evaluate the effect of individual or combined applications of NPV and
M. rileyi
on
S. frugiperda
mortality (first trial) and fresh damage (second trial). Finally, a trial under field conditions was conducted to evaluate the performance of the treatment selected in the greenhouse assay.
Results
The combined use of NPV:
M. rileyi
applied simultaneously showed an additive effect in laboratory, causing higher larval mortality than the biocontrol agents used separately. This effect was evident in the mixtures using the concentration levels high:medium, medium:medium, and medium:high. Under greenhouse conditions, the use of a 50:50 ratio of the two entomopathogens also caused higher larval mortality and a significantly reduced insect damage to plants. Finally, under field conditions, the individual or sequential application of NPV and
M. rileyi
using 100% of their recommended doses, and the simultaneous application of both entomopathogens at 50% of their recommended doses, significantly reduced the recent foliar damage to levels under the threshold for economic losses (30% fresh damage) while the damage reached 43% when control measures were not used.
Conclusion
The combined application of NPV and
M. rileyi
(two biocontrol agents with different mode of action) demonstrated an additive effect that allows to reduce to half their recommended application doses. In this context, the integration of both entomopathogens is a promising strategy to manage
S. frugiperda,
contributing to improve the economic feasibility of biological control tools for the sustainable fall armyworm management.
Publisher
BioMed Central,CABI
