Journal Article

Review of the quality of reporting of statistical analysis plans for cluster randomized trials

Wang, Yixin, Taljaard, Monica, Shaw, Julia, Robinson, Clare, Hemming, Karla, Thompson, Jacqueline Y., Watson, Samuel I.

2025

Overview

The guideline for the content of Statistical Analysis Plans (SAPs) outlines recommendations for items to be included in SAPs. As yet there is no specific tailoring of this guideline for Cluster Randomized Trials (CRTs). There has also been no assessment of reporting quality of SAPs against this guideline. Our intention is to identify how well a sample of SAPs for CRTs are adhering to the reporting of key items in the current guidelines, as well as additional analysis aspects considered to be important in CRTs. We include (i) fully published standalone SAPs identified via Ovid-MEDLINE and (ii) SAPs published as supplementary material or appendices to the final published report identified by searching an existing database of nearly 800 CRTs. The search identified 85 unique SAPs: 26 were published in standalone format and 59 were supplementary material to the full trial report. There was mixed clarity in reporting of items related to the current guideline (eg, most (61/85, 72%) reported what covariates will be included in any adjustment; but fewer (26/85, 31%) reported what method will be used to estimate the absolute measure of effect). Considering additional aspects important for CRTs, the majority (79/85, 93%) included a plan to allow for clustering in the analysis; but fewer (10/40, 25%) reported how a small number of clusters would be accommodated (this was only considered relevant for the subset of CRTs with fewer than 40 clusters). Few (5/85, 6%) reported how the intracluster correlation would be estimated. Few clearly reported statistical targets of inference: in only two SAPs (2/85, 2%) it was clear whether the objectives were related to the individual or cluster-level average; in trials where relevant, only three (3/70, 4%) clearly reported whether the objectives were related to the marginal or cluster-specific effect. This review has identified specific areas of poor quality of reporting that might need additional consideration when developing the guidance for the reporting of SAPs for CRTs. •Most statistical analysis plans (SAPs) for cluster randomized trials (CRTs) include a plan for clustering.•Fewer plans for how a small number of clusters will be accommodated.•Only a minority consider how they will estimate the intracluster correlation.•Few prespecifying the target of inference with regard to marginal or conditional effects.•Few prespecifying the target of inference with regard to individual vs cluster-level averages.

• Publisher: Elsevier Inc,Elsevier Limited
• Subject: Cluster Analysis / cluster randomized trials / Clustering / Data Interpretation, Statistical / Digital Object Identifier / estimands / Guidelines as Topic / Humans / Internal Medicine / Medicine / Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - methods / Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - standards / Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - statistics & numerical data / reporting / Research Design - standards / small sample corrections / Statistical analysis / statistical analysis plans / Statistics