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Metamorphosis of Supernova SN 2008D/XRF 080109: A Link Between Supernovae and GRBs/Hypernovae

by Nomoto, Ken'ichi , D'Elia, Valerio , D'Avanzo, Paolo , Mazzali, Paolo A , Pian, Elena , Hunter, Deborah , Sari, Re'em , Pasotti, Francesco , Margutti, Raffaella , Tagliaferri, Gianpiero , Antonelli, L. Angelo , Smartt, Stephen , Navasardyan, Hripsime , Fiore, Fabrizio , Maguire, Kate , Marziani, Paola , Taubenberger, Stefan , Mirabel, Felix , Elias-Rosa, Nancy , Della Valle, Massimo , Campana, Sergio , Masetti, Nicola , Pastorello, Andrea , Cappellaro, Enrico , Fugazza, Dino , Panagia, Nino , Trundle, Carrie , Benetti, Stefano , Maiorano, Elisabetta , Palazzi, Eliana , Valenti, Stefano , Sauer, Daniel N , Gilmozzi, Roberto , Tominaga, Nozomu , Bufano, Filomena , Covino, Stefano , Turatto, Massimo , Chincarini, Guido , Piran, Tsvi , Pellizza, L.J , Tanaka, Masaomi

in Astronomy / Black holes / Earth, ocean, space / energy / Exact sciences and technology / Explosions / gamma radiation / Gamma rays / Helium / Late stages of stellar evolution (including black holes) / Light curves / Line spectra / Materials / Metamorphosis / Observational research / Physics / Relativistic jets / Stars / Supernovae / Visible spectrum / X-radiation

2008

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Metamorphosis of Supernova SN 2008D/XRF 080109: A Link Between Supernovae and GRBs/Hypernovae

2008

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2008

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Journal Article

Metamorphosis of Supernova SN 2008D/XRF 080109: A Link Between Supernovae and GRBs/Hypernovae

Nomoto, Ken'ichi,

D'Elia, Valerio,

D'Avanzo, Paolo,

Mazzali, Paolo A,

Pian, Elena,

Hunter, Deborah,

Sari, Re'em,

Pasotti, Francesco,

Margutti, Raffaella,

Tagliaferri, Gianpiero,

Antonelli, L. Angelo,

Smartt, Stephen,

Navasardyan, Hripsime,

Fiore, Fabrizio,

Maguire, Kate,

Marziani, Paola,

Taubenberger, Stefan,

Mirabel, Felix,

Elias-Rosa, Nancy,

Della Valle, Massimo,

Campana, Sergio,

Masetti, Nicola,

Pastorello, Andrea,

Cappellaro, Enrico,

Fugazza, Dino,

Panagia, Nino,

Trundle, Carrie,

Benetti, Stefano,

Maiorano, Elisabetta,

Palazzi, Eliana,

Valenti, Stefano,

Sauer, Daniel N,

Gilmozzi, Roberto,

Tominaga, Nozomu,

Bufano, Filomena,

Covino, Stefano,

Turatto, Massimo,

Chincarini, Guido,

Piran, Tsvi,

Pellizza, L.J,

Tanaka, Masaomi

2008

Overview

The only supernovae (SNe) to show gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) or early x-ray emission thus far are overenergetic, broad-lined type Ic SNe (hypernovae, HNe). Recently, SN 2008D has shown several unusual features: (i) weak x-ray flash (XRF), (ii) an early, narrow optical peak, (iii) disappearance of the broad lines typical of SN Ic HNe, and (iv) development of helium lines as in SNe Ib. Detailed analysis shows that SN 2008D was not a normal supernova: Its explosion energy (E [almost equal to] 6x10⁵¹ erg) and ejected mass [~7 times the mass of the Sun ([Formula: see text])] are intermediate between normal SNe Ibc and HNe. We conclude that SN 2008D was originally a ~30 [Formula: see text] star. When it collapsed, a black hole formed and a weak, mildly relativistic jet was produced, which caused the XRF. SN 2008D is probably among the weakest explosions that produce relativistic jets. Inner engine activity appears to be present whenever massive stars collapse to black holes.

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Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science,The American Association for the Advancement of Science

Subject

Astronomy

/ Black holes

/ Earth, ocean, space

/ energy

/ Exact sciences and technology

/ Explosions

/ gamma radiation