Journal Article

Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Activities of 6-Gingerol and 6-Shogaol Against Candida albicans Due to Hyphal Inhibition

Lee, Jin-Hyung, Lee, Jintae, Ham, Jungyeob, Choi, Pilju, Park, Jae Gyu, Kim, Yong-Guy

2018

Overview

is an opportunistic pathogen and responsible for candidiasis. readily forms biofilms on various biotic and abiotic surfaces, and these biofilms can cause local and systemic infections. biofilms are more resistant than its free yeast to antifungal agents and less affected by host immune responses. Transition of yeast cells to hyphal cells is required for biofilm formation and is believed to be a crucial virulence factor. In this study, six components of ginger were investigated for antibiofilm and antivirulence activities against a fluconazole-resistant strain. It was found 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 6-shogaol effectively inhibited biofilm formation. In particular, 6-shogaol at 10 μg/ml significantly reduced biofilm formation but had no effect on planktonic cell growth. Also, 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol inhibited hyphal growth in embedded colonies and free-living planktonic cells, and prevented cell aggregation. Furthermore, 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol reduced virulence in a nematode infection model without causing toxicity at the tested concentrations. Transcriptomic analysis using RNA-seq and qRT-PCR showed 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol induced several transporters ( , and ), but repressed the expressions of several hypha/biofilm related genes ( and ), which supported observed phenotypic changes. These results highlight the antibiofilm and antivirulence activities of the ginger components, 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, against a drug resistant strain.

• Publisher: Frontiers Media SA,Frontiers Media S.A
• Subject: Animals / Antifungal agents / Antifungal Agents - administration & dosage / Antifungal Agents - adverse effects / Antifungal Agents - pharmacology / antivirulence / biofilm / Biofilms / Biofilms - drug effects / Biofilms - growth & development / C. albicans / Caenorhabditis elegans - drug effects / Caenorhabditis elegans - microbiology / Candida albicans / Candida albicans - drug effects / Candida albicans - growth & development / Candidiasis / Candidiasis - drug therapy / Candidiasis - pathology / Catechols - administration & dosage / Catechols - adverse effects / Catechols - isolation & purification / Catechols - pharmacology / Cell aggregation / Cellular and Infection Microbiology / Complementarity-determining region 1 / Disease Models, Animal / Drug resistance / Fatty Alcohols - administration & dosage / Fatty Alcohols - adverse effects / Fatty Alcohols - isolation & purification / Fatty Alcohols - pharmacology / Fluconazole / Genes / gingerol / hyphae / Hyphae - drug effects / Hyphae - growth & development / Immune response / Lasers / Opportunist infection / Pathogens / Planktonic cells / Scanning electron microscopy / shogaol / Software / Survival Analysis / Toxicity / Transcriptomics / Virulence / Virulence - drug effects / Virulence factors / Yeast / Zingiber officinale - chemistry