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Phytoremediation of selenium contaminated soil at Smith Ranch-Highland In-Situ Uranium mine
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Phytoremediation of selenium contaminated soil at Smith Ranch-Highland In-Situ Uranium mine
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Dissertation
Phytoremediation of selenium contaminated soil at Smith Ranch-Highland In-Situ Uranium mine
2015
Overview
Selenium is an essential trace element for humans and animals but toxic at higher levels. Phytoremediation can be a cost effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable method for removal of Se contaminants from soil. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to develop a strategy to use phytoremediation to mitigate high selenium levels in a soil to which high selenium process water was added. Plant species evaluated were: Brassica napus (canola), Brassica juncea (Indian mustard), Stanleya pinnata (Prince’s plume), Kochia scoporia (Kochia). In a greenhouse study, we found incorporation of organic matter into soil with Se hyperaccumulator plant Stanleya pinnata removed significant amount (29%) of Se from the soil in a four-month period. Selenium concentration in tested plant tissue ranged between 5.5 to 79.6 mg kg-1. A two year field study was conducted at Smith Ranch In-Situ Uranium Mine with six treatments and six replications arranged in randomized complete block design. Treatments comprised of Brassica napus (Canola), Brassica napus with Astragalus cicer (Milk vetch), Astragalus cicer, Astragalus cicer with organic matter, Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) and control with no plants. In the field, Se content in the soil prior to planting ranged from 2.58 mg kg-1 to 3.96 mg kg-1 and two years after initiation of the study, ranged from 0.002 to 0.003 mg kg-1. No significant difference was observed among the tested plants in Se accumulation capacity and in biomass production. Plant biomass production and Se accumulation into plant biomass was not high to account for soil Se removal. Two alternative hypotheses were developed to explain the loss of Se, 1) Se leaching in to deeper horizon, 2) Se volatilization due to methylation. Data collected support the second hypothesis.
