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Tissue Engineering 3D Neurovascular Units: A Biomaterials and Bioprinting Perspective
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Tissue Engineering 3D Neurovascular Units: A Biomaterials and Bioprinting Perspective
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Journal Article
Tissue Engineering 3D Neurovascular Units: A Biomaterials and Bioprinting Perspective
2018
Overview
Neurovascular dysfunction is a central process in the pathogenesis of stroke and most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. The multicellular neurovascular unit (NVU) combines the neural, vascular and extracellular matrix (ECM) components in an important interface whose correct functioning is critical to maintain brain health. Tissue engineering is now offering new tools and insights to advance our understanding of NVU function. Here, we review how the use of novel biomaterials to mimic the mechanical and functional cues of the ECM, coupled with precisely layered deposition of the different cells of the NVU through 3D bioprinting, is revolutionising the study of neurovascular function and dysfunction.
Advances in 3D biomaterials known as hydrogels, with the structural properties of a solid and the capability to contain a high water content (∼99%), allow for 3D culture of NVU cells.
Development of hydrogels with bioprintable properties, referred to as bioinks, allows for deposition of layered 3D NVU models.
Biofabrication strategies utilising bioprinting and bioassembly can be used to develop 3D NVU models.
NVU models could incorporate channels seeded with vascular cells to mimic the BBB.
Attachment of fluidic pumps to a vascular channel can aid functionalisation of endothelial cells and the BBB as a whole.
