Journal Article

Sarcoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria communication in cardiovascular pathophysiology

Lavandero, Sergio, Lopez-Crisosto, Camila, Vasquez-Trincado, Cesar, Morales, Pablo E., Bravo-Sagua, Roberto, Pennanen, Christian, Chiong, Mario, Quest, Andrew F. G.

2017

Overview

Key Points Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria communication and mitochondrial dynamics are essential regulators of mitochondrial function, cellular metabolism, and calcium homeostasis Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria contacts and mitochondrial dynamics modulate myocardial contractility and vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation Alterations in sarco/endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria communication and in mitochondrial network morphology are implicated in several cardiovascular pathologies, including heart failure, coronary artery disease, and pulmonary hypertension More studies are required to define the role that alterations in sarco/endoplasmic–mitochondria contacts and mitochondrial dynamics have in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases Mitochondrial metabolism is essential for the dynamic regulation of cardiac and vascular tissues, and the relevance of basic mitochondrial biology in cardiovascular disease is being increasingly recognized. In this Review, the authors explore the physical interaction between mitochondria and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum, discussing how the communication between these two organelles is involved in cardiovascular pathologies. Repetitive, calcium-mediated contractile activity renders cardiomyocytes critically dependent on a sustained energy supply and adequate calcium buffering, both of which are provided by mitochondria. Moreover, in vascular smooth muscle cells, mitochondrial metabolism modulates cell growth and proliferation, whereas cytosolic calcium levels regulate the arterial vascular tone. Physical and functional communication between mitochondria and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum and balanced mitochondrial dynamics seem to have a critical role for optimal calcium transfer to mitochondria, which is crucial in calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial metabolism in both types of muscle cells. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with myocardial damage and dysregulation of vascular smooth muscle proliferation. Therefore, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria coupling and mitochondrial dynamics are now viewed as relevant factors in the pathogenesis of cardiac and vascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this Review, we summarize the evidence related to the role of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria communication in cardiac and vascular muscle physiology, with a focus on how perturbations contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders.

• Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
• Subject: 631/80/642/1463 / 631/80/642/333 / 692/4019/592/75 / Cardiac Imaging / Cardiac Surgery / Cardiology / Cardiovascular disease / Care and treatment / Cell proliferation / Communication / Endoplasmic reticulum / Heart cells / Heart failure / Medicine & Public Health / Metabolism / Mitochondria / Pathogenesis / Physiological aspects / Pulmonary hypertension / review-article / Risk factors / Smooth muscle