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Fractionation and Mobility of Copper, Lead, and Zinc in Soil Profiles in the Vicinity of a Copper Smelter
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Fractionation and Mobility of Copper, Lead, and Zinc in Soil Profiles in the Vicinity of a Copper Smelter
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Journal Article
Fractionation and Mobility of Copper, Lead, and Zinc in Soil Profiles in the Vicinity of a Copper Smelter
2001
Overview
Four soil profiles located near a copper smelter in Poland were investigated for the distribution and chemical fractions of Cu, Pb, and Zn and their mobility in relation to soil properties. Contamination with heavy metals was primarily restricted to surface horizons and the extent of contamination was 7‐ to 115‐fold for Cu, 30‐fold for Pb, and 6‐fold for Zn as compared with subsurface horizons. In the less‐contaminated fine‐textured soil, the metals were distributed in the order: residual >> Fe–Mn oxides occluded > organically complexed > exchangeable and specifically adsorbed, while the order for sandy soils was: residual > organically complexed > Fe–Mn oxides occluded > exchangeable and specifically adsorbed. The contaminated surface horizons of these profiles showed no consistent pattern of metal distribution. However, the common features of highly contaminated soils were very low percentage of residual fraction and the dominance of the NH4OAc extractable fraction. The sum of mobile metal fractions was generally <10% in subsurface horizons, while in the contaminated surface horizons these fractions made up 50% of the total metal contents. Soil properties contributed more to the relative distribution of the metal fractions in the studied profiles than did the distance and direction to the source of pollution. The amounts of metal extracted by 0.01 M CaCl2 accounted for only a small part of the same metals extracted by NH4OAc. The mobility indexes of metals correlated positively and significantly with the total content of metals and negatively with the clay content.
Publisher
American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society,Crop Science Society of America,American Society of Agronomy
Subject
/ analysis
/ Biological and physicochemical properties of pollutants. Interaction in the soil
/ copper
/ Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics
/ Environmental Pollutants - analysis
/ Exact sciences and technology
/ Geologic Sediments - chemistry
/ Industry
/ lead
/ Poland
/ Pollution, environment geology
/ Soil and sediments pollution
/ zinc
