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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor family proteins are multitasking cytokines in tissue injury
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor family proteins are multitasking cytokines in tissue injury
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Journal Article
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor family proteins are multitasking cytokines in tissue injury
2022
Overview
The family of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) proteins in humans consist of MIF, its functional homolog D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT, also known as MIF-2) and the relatively unknown protein named DDT-like (DDTL). MIF is a pleiotropic cytokine with multiple properties in tissue homeostasis and pathology. MIF was initially found to associate with inflammatory responses and therefore established a reputation as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. However, increasing evidence demonstrates that MIF influences many different intra- and extracellular molecular processes important for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, such as promotion of cellular survival, antioxidant signaling, and wound repair. In contrast, studies on D-DT are scarce and on DDTL almost nonexistent and their functions remain to be further investigated as it is yet unclear how similar they are compared to MIF. Importantly, the many and sometimes opposing functions of MIF suggest that targeting MIF therapeutically should be considered carefully, taking into account timing and severity of tissue injury. In this review, we focus on the latest discoveries regarding the role of MIF family members in tissue injury, inflammation and repair, and highlight the possibilities of interventions with therapeutics targeting or mimicking MIF family proteins.
Publisher
Springer International Publishing,Springer Nature B.V
Subject
Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte - metabolism
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Histocompatibility Antigens Class II - metabolism
/ Homology
/ Humans
/ Inflammation Mediators - metabolism
/ Injuries
/ Intramolecular Oxidoreductases - metabolism
/ Macrophage migration inhibitory factor
/ macrophage migration inhibitory factors
/ Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors - metabolism
/ Mimicry
/ Proteins
/ Repair
/ Review
