Journal Article

Zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite: a biomaterial with enhanced bioactivity and antibacterial properties

Aizawa, M., Kawanobe, Y., Lim, P. N., Ho, B., Thian, E. S., Choong, C., Konishi, T.

2013

Overview

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a synthetic biomaterial and has been found to promote new bone formation when implanted in a bone defect site. However, its use is often limited due to its slow osteointegration rate and low antibacterial activity, particularly where HA has to be used for long term biomedical applications. This work will describe the synthesis and detailed characterization of zinc-substituted HA (ZnHA) as an alternative biomaterial to HA. ZnHA containing 1.6 wt% Zn was synthesized via a co-precipitation reaction between calcium hydroxide, orthophosphoric acid and zinc nitrate hexahydrate. Single-phase ZnHA particles with a rod-like morphology measuring ~50 nm in length and ~15 nm in width, were obtained and characterized using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The substitution of Zn into HA resulted in a decrease in both the a - and c -axes of the unit cell parameters, thereby causing the HA crystal structure to alter. In vitro cell culture work showed that ZnHA possessed enhanced bioactivity since an increase in the growth of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells along with the bone cell differentiation markers, were observed. In addition, antibacterial work demonstrated that ZnHA exhibited antimicrobial capability since there was a significant decrease in the number of viable Staphylococcus aureus bacteria after in contact with ZnHA.

• Publisher: Springer US,Springer,Springer Nature B.V
• Subject: Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemical synthesis / Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry / Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology / Antibacterial activity / Antibacterial agents / Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents / Antiinfectives and antibacterials / Antimicrobial agents / Bacteria / Biochemistry / Biocompatible Materials - chemical synthesis / Biocompatible Materials - chemistry / Biocompatible Materials - pharmacology / Biological activity / Biological and medical sciences / Biomaterials / Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering / Biomedical materials / Bone biomaterials / Bone growth / Bones / Calcium hydroxide / Cell culture / Cell differentiation / Cell Differentiation - drug effects / Cell Proliferation - drug effects / Cells, Cultured / Ceramics / Chemical Phenomena - drug effects / Chemical precipitation / Chemistry and Materials Science / Composites / Crystal defects / Crystal structure / Differentiation (biology) / Durapatite - chemical synthesis / Durapatite - chemistry / Durapatite - pharmacology / Glass / Humans / Hydroxyapatite / Materials Science / Materials Testing / Medical sciences / Mesenchymal stem cells / Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - drug effects / Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - physiology / Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Microbial Viability - drug effects / Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Natural Materials / Osseointegration / Osteogenesis / Pharmacology. Drug treatments / Polymer Sciences / Regenerative Medicine/Tissue Engineering / Slaked lime / Staphylococcus aureus / Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects / Staphylococcus aureus - growth & development / Staphylococcus aureus - physiology / Stem cells / Substitution reactions / Surfaces and Interfaces / Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases / Surgical implants / Technology. Biomaterials. Equipments / Thin Films / Transmission electron microscopy / Unit cell / X-ray diffraction / Zinc / Zinc - chemistry