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AXL-dependent infection of human fetal endothelial cells distinguishes Zika virus from other pathogenic flaviviruses
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AXL-dependent infection of human fetal endothelial cells distinguishes Zika virus from other pathogenic flaviviruses
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AXL-dependent infection of human fetal endothelial cells distinguishes Zika virus from other pathogenic flaviviruses
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Journal Article
AXL-dependent infection of human fetal endothelial cells distinguishes Zika virus from other pathogenic flaviviruses
2017
Overview
Although a causal relationship between Zika virus (ZIKV) and microcephaly has been established, it remains unclear why ZIKV, but not other pathogenic flaviviruses, causes congenital defects. Here we show that when viruses are produced in mammalian cells, ZIKV, but not the closely related dengue virus (DENV) or West Nile virus (WNV), can efficiently infect key placental barrier cells that directly contact the fetal bloodstream. We show that AXL, a receptor tyrosine kinase, is the primary ZIKV entry cofactor on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and that ZIKV uses AXL with much greater efficiency than does DENV or WNV. Consistent with this observation, only ZIKV, but not WNV or DENV, bound the AXL ligand Gas6. In comparison, when DENV and WNV were produced in insect cells, they also infected HUVECs in an AXL-dependent manner. Our data suggest that ZIKV, when produced from mammalian cells, infects fetal endothelial cells much more efficiently than other pathogenic flaviviruses because it binds Gas6 more avidly, which in turn facilitates its interaction with AXL.
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Subject
/ Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - metabolism
/ Humans
/ Insecta
/ Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - metabolism
/ Mammals
/ Proto-Oncogene Proteins - genetics
/ Proto-Oncogene Proteins - metabolism
/ Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
/ Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - genetics
/ Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases - metabolism
/ RNA Helicases - isolation & purification
/ RNA, Small Interfering - metabolism
/ Serine Endopeptidases - isolation & purification
/ Viral Nonstructural Proteins - isolation & purification
/ Viruses
/ West Nile virus - physiology
/ Zika Virus - isolation & purification
