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Diversification of endosymbiosis: replacements, co-speciation and promiscuity of bacteriocyte symbionts in weevils
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Diversification of endosymbiosis: replacements, co-speciation and promiscuity of bacteriocyte symbionts in weevils
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Journal Article
Diversification of endosymbiosis: replacements, co-speciation and promiscuity of bacteriocyte symbionts in weevils
2013
Overview
The processes and mechanisms underlying the diversification of host–microbe endosymbiotic associations are of evolutionary interest. Here we investigated the bacteriocyte-associated primary symbionts of weevils wherein the ancient symbiont
Nardonella
has experienced two independent replacement events: once by
Curculioniphilus
symbiont in the lineage of
Curculio
and allied weevils of the tribe Curculionini, and once by
Sodalis
-allied symbiont in the lineage of grain weevils of the genus
Sitophilus
. The
Curculioniphilus
symbiont was detected from 27 of 36 Curculionini species examined, the symbiont phylogeny was congruent with the host weevil phylogeny, and the symbiont gene sequences exhibited AT-biased nucleotide compositions and accelerated molecular evolution. These results suggest that the
Curculioniphilus
symbiont was acquired by an ancestor of the tribe Curculionini, replaced the original symbiont
Nardonella
, and has co-speciated with the host weevils over evolutionary time, but has been occasionally lost in several host lineages. By contrast, the
Sodalis
-allied symbiont of
Sitophilus
weevils exhibited no host–symbiont co-speciation, no AT-biased nucleotide compositions and only moderately accelerated molecular evolution. These results suggest that the
Sodalis
-allied symbiont was certainly acquired by an ancestor of the
Sitophilus
weevils and replaced the original
Nardonella
symbiont, but the symbiotic association must have experienced occasional re-associations such as new acquisitions, horizontal transfers, replacements and/or losses. We detected
Sodalis
-allied facultative symbionts in populations of the Curculionini weevils, which might represent potential evolutionary sources of the
Sodalis
-allied primary symbionts. Comparison of these newcomer bacteriocyte-associated symbiont lineages highlights potential evolutionary trajectories and consequences of novel symbionts after independent replacements of the same ancient symbiont.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Oxford University Press,Nature Publishing Group
