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精神分裂症神经发育障碍假说的研究进展
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精神分裂症神经发育障碍假说的研究进展
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Journal Article
精神分裂症神经发育障碍假说的研究进展
2014
Overview
精神分裂症是一种病因复杂的重性精神疾病，目前认为遗传和环境共同起作用导致了精神分裂症，有关本病的发病危险因素以及相关因素包括生物学因素和社会环境因素，就生物学因素而言，诸多研究显示本病是多基因遗传，由若干基因叠加作用所致，而非某一基因作用而致；而目前关于神经免疫和内分泌的研究也涉及多个神经递质和激素，以上均提示本病是一种发病原因复杂的疾病，而其发病机制仍在进一步探讨中[1]。近年来越来越多的证据显示，影响神经发育的基因变异或缺失、孕期感染或产伤等也是精神分裂症发病的重要影响因素，同时，脑影像研究也显示精神分裂症患者存在脑结构或功能的异常，这些证据均提示精神分裂症患者存在一定程度的神经发育异常，并有学者提出了精神分裂症的神经发育障碍假说[2]，认为大脑在青春期及成年早期对神经突触进行修剪、校正以及调控神经发生的过程中，可能使以前隐藏的，由遗传、环境或交互作用造成的问题暴露，导致精神症状出现。这个假说得到了业界的关注，在临床方面，提示对成年患者的病史追溯应该提前到患者母亲的孕期，患者的早年发育中，总结经验，验证和丰富这个假说；在做疾病筛查时要早发现这些问题，提出早期干预方案；在儿童精神病患中给予早期康复性，对应性的治疗，从而改善预后。目前相关的文献综述很少，本文就精神分裂症患者神经发育障碍相关新近研究做一综述，以期对过往研究进行一个总结回顾，对未来的临床及学术研究提供参考性意见。
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