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Detection of HIV-1 and HCV Infections among Antibody-Negative Blood Donors by Nucleic Acid–Amplification Testing
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Detection of HIV-1 and HCV Infections among Antibody-Negative Blood Donors by Nucleic Acid–Amplification Testing
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Journal Article
Detection of HIV-1 and HCV Infections among Antibody-Negative Blood Donors by Nucleic Acid–Amplification Testing
2004
Overview
Since 1999, nucleic acid–amplification testing has been used in the United States to identify units of blood from donors with viremia in the window period before seroconversion. This approach identifies approximately 1 unit infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) among 3.1 million units screened and 1 infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) among 230,000 units screened.
Nucleic acid–amplification testing prevents about 5 cases of transfusion-transmitted HIV-1 infection and 56 of HCV infection per year.
Screening of potential blood donors has historically relied on the use of immunoassays to detect viral antibodies or antigens. In 1999, new screening methods involving nucleic acid amplification to detect human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA were implemented in the United States under an investigational new drug protocol approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
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This new technique was used to test multiple samples in small pools, referred to as “minipools.” The decision to implement this technique was based on its ability to identify HIV-1– and HCV-infected donors early in the infectious . . .
Publisher
Massachusetts Medical Society
Subject
/ Alanine Transaminase - blood
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Hepacivirus - isolation & purification
/ Hepatitis C Antibodies - blood
/ HIV
/ HIV Infections - transmission
/ HIV-1 - isolation & purification
/ Human immunodeficiency virus
/ Human immunodeficiency virus 1
/ Humans
/ Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
