Asset Details
Do you wish to reserve the book?
Histone exchange, chromatin structure and the regulation of transcription
Hey, we have placed the reservation for you!
By the way, why not check out events that you can attend while you pick your title.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place the reservation. Kindly try again later.
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
Histone exchange, chromatin structure and the regulation of transcription
Do you wish to request the book?
Histone exchange, chromatin structure and the regulation of transcription
Please be aware that the book you have requested cannot be checked out. If you would like to checkout this book, you can reserve another copy
We have requested the book for you!
Your request is successful and it will be processed during the Library working hours. Please check the status of your request in My Requests.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place your request. Kindly try again later.
Journal Article
Histone exchange, chromatin structure and the regulation of transcription
2015
Overview
Key Points
Histone exchange involves the partial or complete exchange of nucleosomes for newer or altered components. This process occurs sequentially through the removal and the replacement of the H2A–H2B dimers followed by the H3–H4 tetramer.
Several factors that affect the stability of the nucleosome influence the process of histone exchange. These include chromatin modifiers, chromatin remodellers and histone chaperones.
Destabilization of the nucleosome allows histone exchange to proceed, often resulting in the replacement of canonical histones with variants that carry out specialized cellular functions.
Histone exchange features prominently during the process of transcription initiation and elongation. A combination of variant exchange and turnover of histone subunits drives RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-mediated transcription.
Resetting of chromatin is a crucial process used by the cell to reassemble the nucleosomes that are lost during the transcription process. The co-transcriptional histone H3 lysine 36 methylation mark uses a multipronged approach to prevent histone exchange over coding regions.
Limiting unobstructed histone exchange over coding regions of genes is necessary to prevent aberrant initiation of transcription. Given the importance of non-coding RNA in the development of diseases, understanding how they are produced has immense value.
Access of RNA polymerase II to DNA is regulated by the ordered disassembly of nucleosomes and by histone exchange. Chromatin modifications, chromatin remodellers, histone chaperones and histone variants control nucleosomal dynamics, and dysregulation of these components results in aberrant transcription.
The packaging of DNA into strings of nucleosomes is one of the features that allows eukaryotic cells to tightly regulate gene expression. The ordered disassembly of nucleosomes permits RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to access the DNA, whereas nucleosomal reassembly impedes access, thus preventing transcription and mRNA synthesis. Chromatin modifications, chromatin remodellers, histone chaperones and histone variants regulate nucleosomal dynamics during transcription. Disregulation of nucleosome dynamics results in aberrant transcription initiation, producing non-coding RNAs. Ongoing research is elucidating the molecular mechanisms that regulate chromatin structure during transcription by preventing histone exchange, thereby limiting non-coding RNA expression.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
Subject
/ Animals
/ Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
/ DNA
/ Eukaryotic Cells - metabolism
/ Genome
/ Humans
/ RNA Polymerase II - genetics
/ RNA Polymerase II - metabolism
/ RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis
/ RNA, Untranslated - biosynthesis
/ Transcription Factors - genetics
