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T cell receptor signalling in the control of regulatory T cell differentiation and function
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Journal Article
T cell receptor signalling in the control of regulatory T cell differentiation and function
2016
Overview
Key Points
Regulatory T (T
Reg
) cells are a distinct lineage of CD4
+
T cells that differentiate in response to agonist self antigens in the thymus and to non-pathogenic foreign antigens in the periphery.
The involvement of T cell receptor (TCR) signalling modules that have opposing activities in T cell lineage specification favours a T
Reg
cell repertoire that, in general, reacts to low-abundance, high-affinity antigens.
Compared with ubiquitous antigens, low-abundance, high-affinity antigens will probably induce inefficient clonal deletion of T cells, and thus the existence of these antigens justifies the necessity of T
Reg
cell-mediated dominant immune tolerance.
Depending on the expression of activation markers, mature T
Reg
cells can be divided into resting and activated T
Reg
cell subsets, and these discrete populations probably accompany conventional T cells to control their activation and effector functions in secondary lymphoid organs and target tissues.
Distinct TCR signalling modules are selectively involved in the control of trafficking, maintenance and suppressive activities of resting and activated T
Reg
cells.
In this Review, the authors discuss the emerging role of T cell receptor (TCR) specificity and signalling in the differentiation, maintenance and function of regulatory T (T
Reg
) cells. Understanding how TCR signalling regulates T
Reg
cells has important therapeutic implications in the regulation of immune tolerance and inflammation.
Regulatory T cells (T
Reg
cells), a specialized T cell lineage, have a pivotal function in the control of self tolerance and inflammatory responses. Recent studies have revealed a discrete mode of T cell receptor (TCR) signalling that regulates T
Reg
cell differentiation, maintenance and function and that affects gene expression, metabolism, cell adhesion and migration of these cells. Here, we discuss the emerging understanding of TCR-guided differentiation of T
Reg
cells in the context of their function in health and disease.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK,Nature Publishing Group
