Asset Details
Do you wish to reserve the book?
Case-only approach applied in environmental epidemiology: 2 examples of interaction effect using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets
Hey, we have placed the reservation for you!
By the way, why not check out events that you can attend while you pick your title.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place the reservation. Kindly try again later.
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
Case-only approach applied in environmental epidemiology: 2 examples of interaction effect using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets
Do you wish to request the book?
Case-only approach applied in environmental epidemiology: 2 examples of interaction effect using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets
Please be aware that the book you have requested cannot be checked out. If you would like to checkout this book, you can reserve another copy
We have requested the book for you!
Your request is successful and it will be processed during the Library working hours. Please check the status of your request in My Requests.
Oops! Something went wrong.
Looks like we were not able to place your request. Kindly try again later.
Journal Article
Case-only approach applied in environmental epidemiology: 2 examples of interaction effect using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets
2022
Overview
Introduction
By substituting the general ‘susceptibility factor’ concept for the conventional ‘gene’ concept in the case-only approach for gene-environment interaction, the case-only approach can also be used in environmental epidemiology. Under the independence between the susceptibility factor and environmental exposure, the case-only approach can provide a more precise estimate of an interaction effect.
Methods
Two analysis examples of the case-only approach in environmental epidemiology are provided using the 2015–2016 and 2017–2018 US National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES): (i) the negative interaction effect between blood chromium level and glycohemoglobin level on albuminuria and (ii) the positive interaction effect between blood cobalt level and old age on albuminuria. The second part of the methods (theoretical backgrounds) summarized the logic and equations provided in previous studies about the case-only approach.
Results
(i) When a 1 μg/L difference of both blood chromium level (mcg/L) and a 1% difference in blood glycohemoglobin level coincide, the multiplicative interaction contrast ratio (ICR
c/nc
) was 0.72 (95% CI 0.35–1.60), with no statistical significance. However, when only the cases were analyzed, the case-only ICR (ICR
CO
) was 0.59 (95% CI 0.28–0.95), with a statistical significance (a negative interaction effect). (ii) When a 1 μg/L difference of both blood cobalt levels and a 1-year difference in age coincide, the multiplicative interaction contrast ratio (ICR
c/nc
) was 1.13 (95% CI 0.99–1.37), with no statistical significance. However, when only the cases were analyzed, the case-only ICR (ICR
CO
) was 1.21 (95% CI 1.06–1.51), with a statistical significance (a positive interaction effect).
Discussion
The discussion suggested the theoretical background and previous literature about the possible protective interaction effect between blood chromium levels and blood glycohemoglobin levels on the incidence of albuminuria and the possible aggravating interaction effect between blood cobalt levels and increasing ages on the incidence of albuminuria. If the independence assumption between a susceptibility factor and environmental exposure in a study with cases and non-cases is kept, the case-only approach can provide a more precise interaction effect estimate than conventional approaches with both cases and non-cases.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,Springer Nature B.V,BMC
