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Divergence with gene flow across a speciation continuum of Heliconius butterflies
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Divergence with gene flow across a speciation continuum of Heliconius butterflies
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Divergence with gene flow across a speciation continuum of Heliconius butterflies
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Journal Article
Divergence with gene flow across a speciation continuum of Heliconius butterflies
2015
Overview
Background
A key to understanding the origins of species is determining the evolutionary processes that drive the patterns of genomic divergence during speciation. New genomic technologies enable the study of high-resolution genomic patterns of divergence across natural speciation continua, where taxa pairs with different levels of reproductive isolation can be used as proxies for different stages of speciation. Empirical studies of these speciation continua can provide valuable insights into how genomes diverge during speciation.
Methods
We examine variation across a handful of genomic regions in parapatric and allopatric populations of
Heliconius
butterflies with varying levels of reproductive isolation. Genome sequences were mapped to 2.2-Mb of the
H. erato
genome, including 1-Mb across the red color pattern locus and multiple regions unlinked to color pattern variation.
Results
Phylogenetic analyses reveal a speciation continuum of pairs of hybridizing races and incipient species in the
Heliconius erato
clade. Comparisons of hybridizing pairs of divergently colored races and incipient species reveal that genomic divergence increases with ecological and reproductive isolation, not only across the locus responsible for adaptive variation in red wing coloration, but also at genomic regions unlinked to color pattern.
Discussion
We observe high levels of divergence between the incipient species
H. erato
and
H. himera
, suggesting that divergence may accumulate early in the speciation process. Comparisons of genomic divergence between the incipient species and allopatric races suggest that limited gene flow cannot account for the observed high levels of divergence between the incipient species.
Conclusions
Our results provide a reconstruction of the speciation continuum across the
H. erato
clade and provide insights into the processes that drive genomic divergence during speciation, establishing the H. erato clade as a powerful framework for the study of speciation.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd
