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Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan
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Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan
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Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan
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Journal Article
Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan
2021
Overview
Planktonic larvae of spionid polychaetes are among the most common and abundant group in coastal meroplankton worldwide. The present study reports the morphology of spionid larvae collected mainly from coastal waters of northeastern Japan that were identified by the comparison of adult and larval 18S and 16S rRNA gene sequences. The molecular analysis effectively discriminated the species. Adult sequences of 48 species from 14 genera (
Aonides
Claparède, 1864;
Boccardia
Carazzi, 1893;
Boccardiella
Blake & Kudenov, 1978;
Dipolydora
Verrill, 1881;
Laonice
Malmgren, 1867;
Malacoceros
Quatrefages, 1843;
Paraprionospio
Caullery, 1914;
Polydora
Bosc, 1802;
Prionospio
Malmgren, 1867;
Pseudopolydora
Czerniavsky, 1881;
Rhynchospio
Hartman, 1936;
Scolelepis
Blainville, 1828;
Spio
Fabricius, 1785;
Spiophanes
Grube, 1860) and larval sequences of 41 species from 14 genera (
Aonides
;
Boccardia
;
Boccardiella
;
Dipolydora
;
Laonice
;
Paraprionospio
;
Poecilochaetus
Claparède in Ehlers, 1875;
Polydora
;
Prionospio
;
Pseudopolydora
;
Rhynchospio
;
Scolelepis
;
Spio
;
Spiophanes
) of spionid polychaetes were obtained; sequences of 27 of these species matched between adults and larvae. Morphology of the larvae was generally species‐specific, and larvae from the same genus mostly shared morphological features, with some exceptions. Color and number of eyes, overall body shape, and type and arrangement of pigmentation are the most obvious differences between genera or species. The morphological information on spionid larvae provided in this study contributes to species or genus level larval identification of this taxon in the studied area. Identification keys to genera and species of planktonic spionid larvae in northeastern Japan are provided. The preliminary results of the molecular phylogeny of the family Spionidae using 18S and 16S rRNA gene regions are also provided.
