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Discovery of the pyridylphenylureas as novel molluscicides against the invasive snail Biomphalaria straminea, intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni
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Discovery of the pyridylphenylureas as novel molluscicides against the invasive snail Biomphalaria straminea, intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni
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Discovery of the pyridylphenylureas as novel molluscicides against the invasive snail Biomphalaria straminea, intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni
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Journal Article
Discovery of the pyridylphenylureas as novel molluscicides against the invasive snail Biomphalaria straminea, intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni
2018
Overview
Background
The snail
Biomphalaria straminea
is one of the intermediate hosts of
Schistosoma mansoni
.
Biomphalaria straminea
is also an invasive species, known for its strong capability on peripheral expansion, long-distance dispersal and colonization. Using molluscicides to control snail populations is an important strategy to interrupt schistosomiasis transmission and to prevent the spread of the invasive species. In this study, a series of pyridylphenylurea derivatives were synthesized as potential molluscicides. Their impact on adult snails and egg masses was evaluated. Acute toxicity to fish of the derivatives was also examined to assess their effect on non-target organisms. The preliminary mechanisms of action of the derivatives were studied by enzyme activity assays.
Results
The representative compounds, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea (compound 8) and 1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)urea (compound 9), exhibited strong molluscicidal activity against adult snails with LD
50
values of 0.50 and 0.51 mg/l and potent inhibitory effects on snail egg hatchability with IC
50
values of 0.05 and 0.09 mg/l. Notably, both compounds showed good target specificity with potent molluscicidal capability observed in snails, but very low toxicity to local fishes. Furthermore, the exposure of compounds 8 and 9 significantly elevated the enzyme activities of acid phosphatase and nitric oxide synthase of the snails, while no significant change was recorded in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholine esterase and superoxide dismutase.
Conclusion
The results suggested that compounds 8 and 9 of pyridylphenylurea derivatives could be developed as promising molluscicide candidates for snail control.
Publisher
BioMed Central,BioMed Central Ltd,BMC
Subject
/ Acid Phosphatase - drug effects
/ adults
/ Alkaline Phosphatase - drug effects
/ Animals
/ Biomedical and Life Sciences
/ Control
/ eggs
/ Molluscacides - pharmacology
/ Nitric Oxide Synthase - drug effects
/ Phenylurea Compounds - chemical synthesis
/ Phenylurea Compounds - chemistry
/ Phenylurea Compounds - pharmacology
/ Schistosoma mansoni - physiology
/ Schistosomiasis mansoni - prevention & control
/ Schistosomiasis mansoni - transmission
/ snails
/ Superoxide Dismutase - drug effects
/ Urea
/ Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science
/ Virology
