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Cuticular Lipid Composition, Surface Structure, and Gene Expression in Arabidopsis Stem Epidermis
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Cuticular Lipid Composition, Surface Structure, and Gene Expression in Arabidopsis Stem Epidermis
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Journal Article
Cuticular Lipid Composition, Surface Structure, and Gene Expression in Arabidopsis Stem Epidermis
2005
Overview
All vascular plants are protected from the environment by a cuticle, a lipophilic layer synthesized by epidermal cells and composed of a cutin polymer matrix and waxes. The mechanism by which epidermal cells accumulate and assemble cuticle components in rapidly expanding organs is largely unknown. We have begun to address this question by analyzing the lipid compositional variance, the surface micromorphology, and the transcriptome of epidermal cells in elongating Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) stems. The rate of cell elongation is maximal near the apical meristem and decreases steeply toward the middle of the stem, where it is 10 times slower. During and after this elongation, the cuticular wax load and composition remain remarkably constant (32 [micro]g/cm²), indicating that the biosynthetic flux into waxes is closely matched to surface area expansion. By contrast, the load of polyester monomers per unit surface area decreases more than 2-fold from the upper (8 [micro]g/cm²) to the lower (3 [micro]g/cm²) portion of the stem, although the compositional variance is minor. To aid identification of proteins involved in the biosynthesis of waxes and cutin, we have isolated epidermal peels from Arabidopsis stems and determined transcript profiles in both rapidly expanding and nonexpanding cells. This transcriptome analysis was validated by the correct classification of known epidermis-specific genes. The 15% transcripts preferentially expressed in the epidermis were enriched in genes encoding proteins predicted to be membrane associated and involved in lipid metabolism. An analysis of the lipid-related subset is presented.
Publisher
American Society of Plant Biologists,American Society of Plant Physiologists,Oxford University Press ; American Society of Plant Biologists
Subject
/ Arabidopsis - anatomy & histology
/ Biochemical Processes and Macromolecular Structures
/ Biochemistry, Molecular Biology
/ Biological and medical sciences
/ Botanics
/ cutin
/ Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
/ Genes
/ genetics
/ Genomics
/ Lipids
/ Membrane Lipids - biosynthesis
/ Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
/ Molecular and cellular biology
/ Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
/ Plant Stems - growth & development
/ Plants
/ stems
/ Waxes
